While sticking to the arable-land red line, the recessive degradation of arable land productivity caused by farmers decisions on the use of cultivated land should not be ignored, such as the reduction of the intensity and efficiency of cultivated land use. Taking permanent cultivated land in Jiangsu Province as an example, remote sensing monitoring and influencing factor analysis of recessive degradation were carried out for cultivated land productivity, based on the moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer（MODIS）remote sensing images from 2001 to 2019. The breaks for additive seasonal and trend algorithm（BFAST）was introduced to model the expected behavior of cultivated land productivity trend in the historical period, in order to identify the recessive degradation of cultivated land productivity in the monitoring period. Based on the Geodetor tool, the dominant influencing factors and factor interaction analysis of the recessive degradation of cultivated land productivity were carried out from three criteria levels and eight index variables. The results indicated that the proportion of recessive degradation for cultivated land productivity in Jiangsu Province was 21.9%, with a significant spatial difference. The highest proportion of recessive degradation of cultivated land productivity appeared in the northwest area, located in Xuzhou and Suqian, which was 47.2% and 43.4%, respectively; besides, their spatial distribution showed aggregation. The recessive degradation rate of cultivated land productivity in Suzhou, Wuxi and Nantong in the southeast region was low, and it was less than 10%. Factor detection analysis showed that the three indicators of population loss, plantation employees and total power of agricultural mechanization had the strongest explanation for recessive degradation of cultivated land production in Jiangsu Province. Through the interaction detector, the explanatory power of population factors and production conditions was improved most significantly. The regional differentiation of recessive degradation for cultivated land production was divided into three types, including production condition constraint, economic benefit constraint and population constraint. The total power of agricultural mechanization, agricultural output value and population loss were the primary factors of the three constraint types respectively. From the perspective of regional space, the population constraint areas accounted for the largest proportion in Jiangsu Province, mainly concentrated in the north. According to different constraints types of recessive degradation for cultivated land production, the corresponding policy suggestions were put forward, such as strengthening the construction of well-facilitated farmland, implementing benefiting-agriculture policies and slowing down the diversion of labor.