生物炭改良棉花-甜菜间作土壤理化性质与盐分效果分析
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中国农业科学院农田灌溉研究所/中国农科院农业水资源高效安全利用重点实验室开放项目(FIRI2020010701、FIRI2021010501)和第三师图木舒克市科技计划重点领域科技攻关计划项目(S202102GG018)


Effects of Biochar on Soil Physical and Chemical Properties and Salt in Cotton-Sugarbeet Intercropping Field
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    摘要:

    土壤盐渍化问题已成为制约新疆地区农业发展的主要因素,近年来生物炭在改良土壤方面发挥了极大优势。为研究不同生物炭施用量对土壤理化性质以及盐分分布的影响,于2018—2020年在新疆地区开展生物炭改良盐碱土试验,种植作物为棉花-甜菜间作,模式为当地传统“一膜两管四行”栽培模式。2018年试验设置4个生物炭水平,分别为0、10、50、100t/hm2。2019年增加设置25t/hm2。综合分析2018年和2019年的试验结果,2020年生物炭施用量调整为0、10、25、30t/hm2。生物炭混合深度为30cm。在作物的不同生育期对各个处理不同剖面深度取土测定电导率、pH值和有机质含量,分析不同生物炭施用量对土壤pH值、有机质和盐分的影响。结果表明,添加生物炭显著降低生育初期和生育末期0~30cm土层的pH值,且降低幅度与生物炭施用量成正比。生物炭对30~40cm土层的pH值有降低作用,但效果不显著。因生物炭自身有机质丰富,生物炭施用10~100t/hm2可增加土壤有机质含量31.8%~135.8%。土壤含盐量在垂直方向上,表现出浅层大、深层小的一致性规律;在水平方向上,膜间土壤含盐量大于滴头附近的土壤含盐量。与对照处理相比,生物炭处理增加了0~10cm、0~40cm和0~100cm 深度的加权平面含盐量,3年分别增加13.9%~79.2%、6.6%~133.6%和4.7%~103.5%。施用生物炭后可促进盐分淋洗,当施用量为10、25t/hm2时,脱盐率为14.7%~22.3%,较其他生物炭处理高。综合考虑盐分淋洗和生物炭施用的经济成本,生物炭适宜用量推荐为10t/hm2。

    Abstract:

    Soil salinization has been a main factor to restrict the agricultural development in Xinjiang. In recent years, biochar has played an important role in improving soil quality. To study the effects of different biochar application amounts on soil properties and salt content, the cotton-sugarbeet intercropping field experiments were conducted under plastic filmmulched drip irrigation in the saline-alkali soils in Xinjiang, China from 2018 to 2020. The irrigation pattern of “one plastic film, two drip lines, and four rows of cotton plants” was referred to the local mode. The biochar application amounts were 0t/hm2, 10t/hm2, 50t/hm2 and 100t/hm2 in 2018. And biochar application amount of 25t/hm2 was added in 2019. Based on the results in 2018 and 2019, the biochar application amount were 0t/hm2,10t/hm2, 25t/hm2 and 30t/hm2 in 2020. The biochar was added to the top 30cm and then mixed with soils. Soil samples at different depths were collected during growth periods to measure the electronic conductivity, pH value and soil organic matter. The effects of different biochar application amounts on soil pH value, organic matter and salt content were analyzed. The results showed that the application of biochar significantly reduced soil pH value for the 0~30cm soil layer. The reduction was directly proportional to the biochar application amounts. Biochar reduced the pH value for 30~40cm soil layer, but the effect was insignificant. Due to rich organic matter contents in biochar, the soil organic matter was increased by 31.8%~135.8% for the biochar applied treatments. In the vertical direction, the soil salt content in shallow layer was larger than that in the deep layer. In the horizontal direction, the soil salt content in the no mulched zone was higher than that under the emitter. Application of biochar promoted the leaching of salt. When the biochar application amount were 10t/hm2 and 25t/hm2, the salt leaching rate was ranged in 14.7%~22.3%, which was higher than that of other treatments. Taking the salt leaching and economic cost in biochar into consideration, the appropriate biochar application amount was recommended to be 10t/hm2. The research result can provide some reference for application of biochar to improve salinealkali soil in Xinjiang.

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王小芳,李毅,姚宁,刘洪光,樊向阳,张选.生物炭改良棉花-甜菜间作土壤理化性质与盐分效果分析[J].农业机械学报,2022,53(4):352-362. WANG Xiaofang, LI Yi, YAO Ning, LIU Hongguang, FAN Xiangyang, ZHANG Xuan. Effects of Biochar on Soil Physical and Chemical Properties and Salt in Cotton-Sugarbeet Intercropping Field[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2022,53(4):352-362.

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  • 收稿日期:2021-05-08
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  • 在线发布日期: 2021-06-30
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