Aiming at the problems of large number of fans, large structure size and complicated transmission of the currently developed air suction potato planter, the integrated fan of the air suction potato planter was optimized. The main structure and working principle were explained, the required wind pressure was determined through mechanical analysis of the seeding process, and the numerical simulation and kinematics analysis of the internal flow field of the fan were carried out. Rotation orthogonal combination test was adopted, the outer diameter of the impeller, the number of blades, and the speed of the impeller were used as the test factors, and the negative pressure at the air inlet and the positive pressure at the blow pipe outlet were used as the test indicators. The test results were analyzed and the structural parameters of the fan device were optimized. When the outer diameter of the impeller was 1099mm, the number of blades was 10, and the impeller speed was 2532r/min, the negative pressure at the air inlet was 11.6kPa, and the positive pressure at the blow pipe outlet was 3.7kPa. The optimized integrated fan and the dual fan were compared in the field. The analysis results showed that the optimized integrated fan had an operating replay index of 2.34%, a missed broadcast index of 2.35%, and a pass index of 95.31%. Compared with the dual fan, the rear integrated fan operation replay index was decreased by 14.0%, the missed broadcast index was decreased by 17.0%, and the pass index was increased by 0.92%, which improved the operation quality of the potato planter.