The phenotypic information acquisition system can be used to obtain the morphological structure, physiological and biochemical data of plants under different growth environments, so as to study the response of plants to different stresses, and carry out resistance breeding and selection of high-quality varieties. A multi-source phenotypic information acquisition system composed of dual CCD camera, infrared thermal image, water control module, weighing module, light source, etc., was constructed. The phenotypic parameters were extracted by using the target detection algorithm of YOLO v3 and image processing algorithm, such as projected leaf area, plant height, number of leaves and canopy temperature of plants. Using Salix suchowensis Cheng as the research object, drought stress test was carried out and correlation analysis was carried out. The results showed that the plant height, projected leaf area, daily water consumption and water use efficiency of dustpan under drought stress were significantly lower than those under normal water treatment over time. Through correlation analysis, it can be concluded that the projected leaf area of Salix suchowensis Cheng presented a positive linear correlation with its fresh weight and dry weight, and the determination coefficients were 0.89 and 0.78, respectively. There was a positive correlation between plant fresh weight and plant dry weight, and the determination coefficient was 0.76. There was a positive correlation between the cutting days and the average canopy temperature difference, and the determination coefficient was 0.79. The difference of daily water consumption was positively correlated with the number of days after cutting, and the determination coefficient was 0.84. The canopy temperature difference was positively correlated with the daily water consumption difference, and the determination coefficient was 0.85. By collecting plant phenotypic parameter information from multiple sources and carrying out association analysis, a feasible technique was provided for real-time and continuous assessment of plant growth-related parameters under drought stress, which can guide the application of water in resistant species and the rapid screening of drought-resistant genotypes.