Aiming at the problem of reducing damage rate of flower bud in mechanical picking of Camellia fruit,a layered harvesting device for Camellia fruit was designed.The principle of interaction between layered picking device and fruit branch was analyzed. The model between layered mechanism and fruit branch, layered picking mechanism and fruit branch was established, and the stress between the layered mechanism and fruit branch, layered picking mechanism and fruit branch was simulated by means of ANSYS Workbench. The results showed that the bending degree of fruit branch was increased with the increasing distance of layered rubber roller, and the normal stress and shear stress of fruit branch cross section were increased, the normal stress and shear stress of fruit branch cross section were increased with the decreasing gap of picking rubber roller clearance.The feasibility of layer picking was verified by experiments.Taking the layer thickness,layer depth,rubber roller clearance and rubber roller speed as the influencing factors,and the leakage rate of Camellia fruit and the damage rate of flower bud as the evaluation indexes,the experiment was carried out with Ganwu No.1 Camellia fruit.The results showed that the successive factors affecting the leakage rate of Camellia fruit were rubber roller gap,layer depth,layer thickness and rubber roller speed,the successive factors affecting the flower bud damage rate were layer thickness,layer depth,rubber roller speed and rubber roller gap.The best combination of parameters for Camellia of Ganwu No.1 were obtained by comprehensive scoring method when the layer thickness was 360mm, and the layer depth was 290mm,the rubber roller gap was 18mm, and the rubber roller speed was 65r/min.Under this work condition,the leakage rate of Camellia fruit was 13.33%, and the damage rate of flower bud was 6.33%.Compared with the picking device without layered mechanism,the average damage rate of flower bud of layered picking device was reduced by 6.22 percentage points.