In order to improve the fertilization uniformity performance, large granule urea was taken as the research object. A horizontal turbine blade type precision fertilizer was designed. The key parameters were designed and analyzed. The influencing factors and parameter range were determined. And based on the discrete element simulation software, the surface parameters of logarithmic spiral blade were determined. Single-factor test of fertilizer amount and Box-Behnken test of uniformity of fertilization were carried out with number of turbine blades, turbine rotation speed and angle of fertilizer hole as the main factors. The test verified that the precision fertilizer distribution mechanism with one turbine had a better row fertilizer performance which was complied with the technical specifications of fertilization machinery quality evaluation. Also, the test result showed that the fertilizer amount per second of the fertilizer distribution mechanism with one turbine was decreased with the increase of rotation speed of turbine, showing a linear relationship with a correlation coefficient larger than 0.96. Therefore, the fertilizer distribution mechanism with one turbine can adjust the fertilizer amounts by varying the rotation speeding of turbine to meet the requirements of different fertilization. Therefore, the mechanism was easy to be used on the variable-rate fertilization technology. Using Design-Expert 8.0.6 data analysis software, multiple regression analysis and response surface analysis of experimental data were carried out. The regression model between the factors and qualified rate was established and influence of factors on indexes were analyzed. The influence relation of factors on the qualified rate was determined and the order of importance was number of turbine blades, turbine rotation speed and angle of fertilizer hole in turn. Based on the regression model, the parameters were optimized and the experimental verification was worked out. Results showed that the optimal parameter combination of angle of fertilizer hole, turbine rotation speed and number of turbine blades was 40°, 98r/min and 8, respectively. The test results were consistent with the theoretical analysis results. The results of adaptability verification test for diamine phosphate granular fertilizer showed that the uniformity coefficient was close to 97%, and the variation coefficient of fertilizer output stability was less than 2%, the fertilizer had good fertilization uniformity and stability performance. The horizontal turbine blade type precision fertilizer can effectively improve the fertilization uniformity of granular fertilizer by comparative analysis with common fertilizer with external groove wheel.