Corn cob is an important agricultural waste of lignocellulosic biomass, which contains a large amount of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. However, because of its degradation difficulty, it is not fully utilized, resulting in resource waste. A high efficient degradation of cellulose actinomycetes strains GS-3-39 was selected from the cold region and black glebe, its biological morphology and molecular biology of 16S rRNA were identified, the single factor experiment was done, significantly higher factors were selected by Plackett Burman, its fermentation conditions were optimized by response surface method (RSM), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Fourier IR characterization were determined before and after degradation of corn cob. The results showed that GS-3-39 was identified as streptomyces after morphological observation and molecular biological identification. After optimization by RSM, when the initial pH value of the medium was 5.06, the fermentation temperature was 28.22℃, the fermentation revolution was 163.98r/min, and the inoculated-pathogen quantities was 3.09%, the maximum degradation rate of GS-3-39 pair of corn cob was 27.264%, and the degradation rates of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin in the corn cob were 39.84%, 38.33% and 47.38%, respectively. The results of SEM and IR on corn cob before and after degradation showed that actinomycetes GS-3-39 had significant degradation effect on corn cob cellulose.