Aiming at the problems of complicated operation of traditional soil sample collection, high labor intensity, low collection accuracy and lack of information management, a vehicle-mounted intelligent soil sampling system was designed. The system was installed on an unmanned sampling vehicle and included an automatic soil sample collection device and an electrical control system. The key working parameters of each mechanism and control hardware were determined, and the entire working process of the system was analyzed: the electrical control system was controlled by a motion controller. The soil sample automatic collection device collected soil samples in different depth ranges and collected them according to geographic location information. The geographic information of longitude and latitude and sampling depth of the target sampling point calculated by the GPS system were written into the electronic tag at the bottom of the soil sampling cylinder through the RFID reader. Through performance tests, it was shown that the designed vehicle-mounted intelligent soil sampling system worked stably and reliably with the unmanned sampling vehicle. It can automatically layer samples of soil in any depth range of 0~200mm in the agricultural layer with high efficiency and high accuracy, full-process automation and classified management according to location information, which satisfied the need for intelligent and high-quality soil sample collection.