农用无人飞机法规与标准制定现状分析
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国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0701000)和中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金项目(SR201903)


Review on Current State of Agricultural UAS Regulations and Standards
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    摘要:

    近年来,我国农用无人飞机产业快速发展,应用领域不断扩展,但相关配套的法规和标准却相对滞后。本文系统梳理了国际上主要标准制定、标准实施的组织和机构,标准制定目标与主要依据;阐述了日本农用无人飞机管理机构、管理方法与标准使用;我国无人飞机管理、相关政策法规与标准体系建设情况;我国农用无人飞机现有政策法规,行业、地方以及团体标准制定情况。提出为引领行业健康发展,在我国《无人驾驶航空器系统标准体系建设指南》框架下,在农业农村部主导建设下,各级管理机构和标准化组织应从产品(质量)标准、子部件与性能试验等技术标准、操作规范与人员培训等管理标准方面继续开展标准化工作;标准制定不局限于植保无人飞机,还应制定播种、施肥、遥感、辅助授粉等应用标准;应建立涵盖生产、流通、应用、培训、登记认证等环节标准支撑管理需求。通过标准的科学制定与实施,进一步规范行业发展,驱动自主创新,提升农用无人飞机产业在国内外市场竞争力。

    Abstract:

    In recent years, industry and application of agricultural unmanned aerial system (UAS) have been expanding rapidly and greatly. However, supporting regulations and standards on agricultural UAS are relatively lagging behind. The crucial standards formulating and implementing organizations and institutions in a global view, along with standards setting goals and basis were systematically reviewed. Agricultural UAS management organization, regulations and standards application in Japan were studied in detail. Current policies and regulations of industrial and agricultural UAS in China were also introduced, along with industry development and local standards. To lead the healthy development of UAS industry in China, regulation and standardization organizations at all levels keeping on UAS standardization work were concentrated on three aspects, including product (quality) standards, technical standards such as sub components and performance tests, operation specifications and personnel training management standards. All agricultural UAS standard construction works were led by Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, under the framework of Guidelines for Standardization Construction of Unmanned Aerial System. Proposed standards were not confined to plantprotection merely, which also included UAS application standards for fertilization, remote sensing, and auxiliary pollination and so on. Standards covering processes of production, circulation, application, training, registration and certification, should be established to support UAS management. Through scientific formulation and implementation of UAS standards, it would surely further regulate the industry development and drive independent innovation. Competitiveness of the agricultural UAS industry in the domestic and foreign markets would be enhanced.

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薛新宇,顾伟,徐阳,孙竹,兰玉彬.农用无人飞机法规与标准制定现状分析[J].农业机械学报,2020,51(10):1-10. XUE Xinyu, GU Wei, XU Yang, SUN Zhu, LAN Yubin. Review on Current State of Agricultural UAS Regulations and Standards[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2020,51(10):1-10.

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  • 收稿日期:2020-08-25
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  • 在线发布日期: 2020-10-10
  • 出版日期: 2020-10-10