生物炭对盐渍土理化性质和紫花苜蓿生长的影响
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山东省自然科学基金项目(ZR2017YL020)、国家牧草产业技术体系项目(CARS-34)和国家重点研发计划项目(2019YFD1002703)


Effects and Evaluation of Biochar on Physical-Chemical Properties of Coastal Saline Soil and Alfalfa Growth
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    摘要:

    为揭示生物炭对滨海盐渍土理化性质和紫花苜蓿生长的影响规律,采用盆栽试验方法,研究了不同生物炭添加量(炭土质量分数0、0.5%、1%、2%、5%、10%)处理下黄河三角洲盐渍化土壤养分、结构、盐分以及紫花苜蓿产量、品质等变化特征,并采用灰色关联度法评价了生物炭的应用效果。结果表明,添加生物炭后,土壤有机质和全氮含量分别增加了16.27%~246.65%和6.38%~58.51%,全磷、有效磷和全钾含量变化相对较小;土壤容重显著降低,低量生物炭处理显著提高了盐渍化土壤大于0.25mm团聚体的含量和团聚体稳定性;水溶性盐总量降低了38.90%~46.17%,其中Mg2+、Cl-和SO2-4含量降幅较大;紫花苜蓿产量提高了8.19%~43.00%,品质无显著变化。整体而言,随着施炭量的增加,土壤肥力有所提高,团聚体稳定性降低,盐分含量和紫花苜蓿产量呈先降后增的趋势。施用生物炭改善了盐渍化土壤的理化性质,促进了紫花苜蓿生长,生物炭用量0.5%时施用效果最优。

    Abstract:

    In order to find out the effects of biochar on saltaffected soil physical-chemical properties and alfalfa growth in the Yellow River Delta, a pot experiment was conducted. Soil nutrients, soil structure, soil salinity, alfalfa yield and quality were analyzed under different biochar application levels (0, 0.5%, 1%, 2%, 5% and 10%). Based on grey correlation method, the biochar application effect was evaluated. The results showed that after biochar additions, soil organic matter and total nitrogen content were increased by 16.27%~246.65% and 6.38%~58.51%, respectively, but the changes of total phosphorus, available phosphorus and total potassium contents were relatively small. Meanwhile, soil bulk density was decreased significantly, while aggregates more than 0.25mm and soil aggregates stability enhanced under lower biochar rate. Compared with CK, biochar addition treatment reduced soil watersoluble salt contents by 38.90%~46.17%, and the contents of Mg2+, Cl-, and SO2-4 had significant reductions. The alfalfa yield was increased by 8.19%~43.00%, however, there was no significant difference in quality. With the increase of biochar application, soil fertility appeared a increasing trend, while aggregate stability showed an opposite character. Soil salt content and alfalfa yield were decreased first and then increased. Overall, biochar application improved the saltaffected soil physical-chemical properties and alfalfa growth. And 0.5% biochar addition rate had the best application effect.

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张进红,吴波,王国良,贾春林.生物炭对盐渍土理化性质和紫花苜蓿生长的影响[J].农业机械学报,2020,51(8):285-294. ZHANG Jinhong, WU Bo, WANG Guoliang, JIA Chunlin. Effects and Evaluation of Biochar on Physical-Chemical Properties of Coastal Saline Soil and Alfalfa Growth[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2020,51(8):285-294.

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  • 收稿日期:2020-05-20
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  • 在线发布日期: 2020-08-10
  • 出版日期: 2020-08-10