不同水文年型下水稻节水灌溉技术方案模拟与评价
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国家自然科学基金面上项目(51879074、51479063)


Simulation and Evaluation of Technical Schemes for Water-saving Irrigation of Rice in Different Hydrological Years
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    摘要:

    为探究适宜的水稻节水灌溉模式,于2016—2017年在蒸渗测坑内进行水稻栽培试验。基于2年试验数据对SWAP-WOFOST模型进行参数的率定与验证,基于1956—2015年60年的降雨资料完成丰、平、枯3种年型的分组,同时改进了SWAP的灌溉排水模块以适应本地化的灌排需求,并由率定后的模型模拟了丰、平、枯3种年型下4种节水灌溉模式的稻田水分运移及水稻生长过程,通过对比不同水文年型下田间水分管理及水稻产量的差异,分析了4种节水灌溉模式的节水、减排与高产效果。结果表明:经率定的SWAP-WOFOST模型可以较好地模拟干湿交替条件下稻田水分运移和水稻生长过程;节水灌溉技术可以减少灌排水量与灌排次数,减少水稻的生理需水和田间渗漏,并能够维持水稻高产,提高水分利用效率;60年模拟期内,控制灌排的灌溉水分生产率在丰、平、枯3种年型下分别为5.52、4.65、3.83kg/m3,各年型下均为最高,控制灌溉的作物水分生产率在丰、平、枯3种年型下分别为2.45、2.31、2.06kg/m3,各年型下均为最高。应用熵权TOPSIS模型对水稻节水灌溉技术方案进行评价优选,结果表明,在保证产量的前提下控制灌排模式具有稳健的节水省工效果。

    Abstract:

    In order to explore the suitable watersaving irrigation mode of rice, the cultivation experiment of rice under controlled irrigation and drainage conditions was conducted in the lysimeters from 2016 to 2017. The SWAP-WOFOST model was calibrated and validated against the data in observations of twoyear agricultural field experiment. And rainfall data of 60 years were grouped according to the type of hydrological years. At the same time, the irrigation and drainage module of SWAP model was improved to meet the local irrigation and drainage needs. The validated SWAP-WOFOST model was then used to simulate soil moisture transportation and rice growth process. By comparing the difference in field water management and rice yield under different hydrological year scenarios, the effects of four watersaving irrigation modes on reducing irrigation drainage and improving yield were analyzed. The results showed that watersaving irrigation technology could reduce the amount and frequencies of irrigation and drainage, reduce the physiological water demand of rice and field leakage, maintain high yield of rice and improve water use efficiency. During the 60year simulation period, the irrigation water productivity of controlled irrigation and drainage mode was 5.52kg/m3, 4.65kg/m3 and 383kg/m3, respectively for the wet year, normal year and dry year, which was the highest of four modes. Crop water productivity of controlled irrigation mode was 2.45kg/m3, 2.31kg/m3 and 2.06kg/m3, respectively for the wet year, normal year and dry year, which was the highest of four modes. Applying the entropy weighted TOPSIS model to evaluate and optimize the four modes of watersaving irrigation of rice, the results showed that controlled irrigation and drainage mode had a steady effect of watersaving and laborsaving on the premise of guaranteeing yield. Watersaving irrigation technology had guiding significance for irrigation and drainage practices in ricegrowing areas of Southern China.

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陈凯文,俞双恩,李倩倩,张梦婷,王煜,刘子鑫.不同水文年型下水稻节水灌溉技术方案模拟与评价[J].农业机械学报,2019,50(12):268-277.

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  • 收稿日期:2019-04-24
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  • 在线发布日期: 2019-12-10
  • 出版日期: 2019-12-10