The geostatistics and geographic information system (GIS) were used to analyze the corresponding changes of groundwater depth to landscape pattern evolution in Dengkou County, Bayannur City, Inner Mongolia. Firstly, the spatial heterogeneity of groundwater depth was analyzed by the semiofficial model in Dengkou County, and the spatial distribution of groundwater depth of the research area in 2008 and 2016 was simulated by using Kriging interpolation. Secondly, characteristics of the landscape pattern evolution of Dengkou County in 2008 and 2016 were studied. At last, the variation of groundwater depth and landscape pattern evolution data was coupled by GIS overlay analysis, and the response mechanism of groundwater depth to landscape pattern evolution was analyzed. The results were as follows: The groundwater depth of Dengkou County, in general, followed the trend of increasing from northeast to southwest, both the spatial heterogeneity and the random disturbance in the spatial heterogeneity were increased during the study period. The main landscape types of the county were forest land, followed by sandy land, bare land and water, the construction land and waters were increased obviously while arable land and sand land were decreased slightly during the study period. The evolution of landscape patterns had an obvious effect on the groundwater depth, construction land expansion deepened it, and the continuous improvement of the surface irrigation system made it rise. In general, the utilization efficiency of groundwater resources was obviously improved in Dengkou County. The study was of significance for the rational utilization of groundwater resources and the optimization of landscape pattern.