Sweet potato is one of the most important food crops in China. Its total output is more than 100 million tons per year. It is a good fresh feed and silage. Sweet potato vines grow luxuriantly, crawl on the ground, crisscross and disorderly, sweet potato vines collection and treatment is a high labor cost work. In addition to the shortage of rural labor in recent years, the development of advanced technology and reliable performance of sweet potato vines recycling machine is of great significance to the development of sweet potato industry in China. It is very difficult to recover all sweet potato vines mechanically while they grow in furrows and furrows. Aiming at the problem, a kind of sweet potato vines recovery machine was designed. The machine can finish cutting, crushing, throwing and recycling of sweet potato vines at one time. The key parts of the machine were mainly designed and calculated, such as ridge copying knife roller mechanism and fan throwing device. The regression model between test factors and test indexes was established by response surface analysis. On this basis, the influence of test factors on test indexes was analyzed. The test factors were knife roller rotation speed, ground clearance and fan speed. The test indexes were crushing qualified rate, soil content and recovery of sweet potato vines. The test results showed that the optimal working parameters were as follows: knife roller rotation speed was 2070r/min, ground clearance was 16mm, fan rotation speed was 890r/min, corresponding crushing qualified rate of vines was 93.10%, soil content rate was 8.56%, and sweet potato vines recovery rate was 91.19%. The machine can cut and recycle most of the sweet potato vines in ridge and furrow, and improve the adaptability of seedling recycling operation. The research results provided a theoretical basis for structural optimization design and work performance improvement of sweet potato vines recovery machine, which was of great significance for realizing the mechanized recovery of sweet potato vines. Related models can refer to the research results.