罗伟文,顾峰玮,吴峰,徐弘博,陈有庆,胡志超.全秸硬茬地碎秸行间集覆小麦播种机设计与试验[J].农业机械学报,2019,50(12):42-52.
LUO Weiwen,GU Fengwei,WU Feng,XU Hongbo,CHEN Youqing,HU Zhichao.Design and Experiment of Wheat Planter with Straw Crushing and Inter-furrow Collecting mulching under Full Amount of Straw and Root Stubble Cropland[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2019,50(12):42-52.
摘要点击次数: 1724
全文下载次数: 958
全秸硬茬地碎秸行间集覆小麦播种机设计与试验   [下载全文]
Design and Experiment of Wheat Planter with Straw Crushing and Inter-furrow Collecting mulching under Full Amount of Straw and Root Stubble Cropland   [Download Pdf][in English]
投稿时间:2019-08-08  
DOI:10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2019.12.005
中文关键词:  稻麦轮作  秸秆还田  行间覆秸  宽幅播种
基金项目:江苏省农业科技自由创新资金项目(CX(17)1002-03)
作者单位
罗伟文 农业农村部南京农业机械化研究所 
顾峰玮 农业农村部南京农业机械化研究所 
吴峰 农业农村部南京农业机械化研究所 
徐弘博 农业农村部南京农业机械化研究所 
陈有庆 农业农村部南京农业机械化研究所 
胡志超 农业农村部南京农业机械化研究所 
中文摘要:针对我国稻麦轮作区常规稻茬麦机械化播种时存在田间稻秸量大、耗工耗时和播期延误等问题,提出了全量碎秸行间集覆、洁区种带宽幅播种的技术思路,设计了一种全秸硬茬地碎秸行间集覆小麦播种机,该机能一次性完成碎秸清秸、行间覆秸、种带施肥旋耕、播种镇压等工序,适宜在稻收后未作任何秸秆移出及耕整地处理的全秸硬茬地作业。对秸秆粉碎装置、碎秸导流装置和种带旋耕装置等关键部件进行了理论分析,确定了相关结构与参数;为在种带内高质、顺畅、满播小麦,设计了播种及镇压装置;以粉碎刀辊转速、径向距离和作业速度为试验影响因素,以清秸率和种带宽度变异系数为评价指标,设计了三水平三因素正交试验。结果表明,工作参数为粉碎刀辊转速2200r/min、径向距离20mm、作业速度0.8m/s和旋耕刀辊转速300r/min时,对应田间试验的碎秸平均长度为110mm、平均碎秸合格率为91.47%、平均种带清秸率为92.58%、平均种带宽度变异系数为10.91%、平均播深为41mm、平均播深合格率为97.32%;长势跟踪及测产结果表明,与常规播种方式相比,未出现明显缺苗弱苗现象,两种播种方式的产量基本相同。
LUO Weiwen  GU Fengwei  WU Feng  XU Hongbo  CHEN Youqing  HU Zhichao
Nanjing Research Institute for Agricultural Mechanization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Nanjing Research Institute for Agricultural Mechanization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Nanjing Research Institute for Agricultural Mechanization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Nanjing Research Institute for Agricultural Mechanization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Nanjing Research Institute for Agricultural Mechanization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs and Nanjing Research Institute for Agricultural Mechanization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs
Key Words:rice and wheat rotation  straw returning  row spacing stacking  wide sowing
Abstract:A large amount of untreated straw is left in the field after rice harvest, which greatly hinders mechanized sowing and subsequent growth of wheat. The traditional solution is to bury the smashed straw in the soil or cover the surface of soil through multiple operations, which not only results in low efficiency and high energy consumption, but also hinders wheat germination due to excessive straw in the vicinity of the wheat seeds. In order to solve these problems, a planter with straw smashing and strip laying was provided, which adopted the clean area planting technique under full amount of straw and root stubble cropland. The planter was mainly composed of frame, straw crushing device, straw guiding device, rotary tilling device, seeding device and pressing device. In a single pass, the planter could complete multiple operation processes, including straw stubble smashing, seed belt cleaning, inter row stacking, seed bed treatment, fertilization sowing, and soil covering and suppression. The key components such as straw crushing device, straw guiding device and rotary tilling device were theoretically analyzed to determine structures and parameters. In order to achieve high quality and smooth sowing of wheat in the seed belt, the sowing device and pressuring device were designed. Three factor and three level orthogonal performance test was implemented by setting smashing spindle speed, radial distance and working speed as the influence factors, with straw cleaned rate and variable coefficient of the strip width as the evaluation index. Test results showed that when the smashing spindle speed was 2200r/min, radial distance was 20mm, working speed was 0.8m/s, and rotary speed was 300r/min, the average length of the straw was 110mm, straw crushed rate was 91.47%, straw cleaned rate was 92.58%, variable coefficient of the strip width was 10.91%, average sowing depth was 41mm, and seeding depth pass rate was 97.32%. Through tracking growth trend and measuring the yield, it was shown that there was no obvious shortage of seedlings and weak seedlings compared with the conventional seeding planter, and the yields of the two seeding planters were basically the same.

Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agriculture Machinery (CSAM), in charged of China Association for Science and Technology (CAST), sponsored by CSAM and Chinese Academy of Agricultural Mechanization Science(CAAMS), started publication in 1957. It is the earliest interdisciplinary journal in Chinese which combines agricultural and engineering. It always closely grasps the development direction of agriculture engineering disciplines and the published papers represent the highest academic level of agriculture engineering in China. Currently, nearly 8,000 papers have been already published. There are around 3,000 papers contributed to the journal each year, but only around 600 of them will be accepted. Transactions of CSAM focuses on a wide range of agricultural machinery, irrigation, electronics, robotics, agro-products engineering, biological energy, agricultural structures and environment and more. Subjects in Transactions of the CSAM have been embodied by many internationally well-known index systems, such as: EI Compendex, CA, CSA, etc.

   下载PDF阅读器