基于光学相机的植物表型测量系统与时序生长模型研究
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江苏省自然科学基金面上项目(BK20161523)、福建省林木种苗科技攻关六期项目(20192021)、江苏省六大人才高峰项目(NY-058)、〖JP〗江苏省青蓝工程项目(苏教201842)、江苏省333工程项目(苏人20186)和国家留学基金委公派项目(201808320043)


Visible Camerabased 3D Phenotype Measurement System and Timeseries Visual Growth Model of Plant
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    摘要:

    为提高形态表型检测速率,满足形态表型测量的标准化需求,以拟南芥为例,提出一种测量植物三维形态特征的方法,并建立植物时序生长方程和可视化模型,构建了一套经济实用、面向拟南芥生长过程的形态表型测量机器视觉系统。通过光学相机采集拟南芥植株的二维图像序列,利用运动中恢复结构算法生成三维点云;设计一种彩色标板,基于彩色标板的坐标系标准化方法,提取拟南芥植株的点云并标准化坐标系。与传统人工接触式测量值相比,该系统交互测量的拟南芥叶片宽度、长度、主茎长度、叶片面积、叶片间夹角的平均相对误差分别为9.83%、10.10%、1.07%、4.09%和4.37%。利用该系统采集哥伦比亚野生型拟南芥生命周期内的形态表型信息,拟合其数学生长模型,并使用Lstudio软件,将时序生长模型可视化表达。结果表明,植物固定、传感器移动的平台结构解决了传统传感器固定、植物移动方式导致的植物抖动从而影响三维重建效果的问题,可快速、准确、可靠地提取植物表型信息。基于彩色标板的点云坐标系标准化方法在每个单位时间都能够对拟南芥植物对象进行参数提取,与传统的人工接触式测量方法相比,效率高、速度快,可满足拟南芥的形态表型分析需要。

    Abstract:

    The morphological traits are important to investigate the state of plant. Measuring the morphological traits periodically during plant growing and fitting the growth model can be helpful to monitor the state and get dynamic growth rule of the plant. And growth model’s visualization can be more directly to show the dynamic changes and predict the plant growth tendency. To speed up and promote the normalization of the measurement of morphological phenotypes, using Arabidopsis thaliana for example, a lowcost machine vision system was designed which can be used to measure the morphological phenotypes of Arabidopsis thaliana during its growth process. With the growth data getting from the system, the plant growth equations and visualization model can be built. A platform was set which consisted of two main parts, fixed part for loading plant and moving part for carrying visible camera, to make sure that the plant would not shake so that can get clearer image sequences. Structure from motion (SfM) was used to get the 3D point cloud from the image sequence. Because of the weakness of SfM, which made the coordinate system generated each time different, a preprocessing algorithm to point cloud based on color panels board was designed to standardize every plant 3D point cloud model’s coordinate system as one. Under the stage for loading plant of the platform’s fixed part, a color panels board was set, which was a black board on which two red panels consisted of two linestyle and a rectanglestyle and one blue panel, and would be transformed to a part of the 3D point cloud. After filtering procedures, the areaofinterest of Arabidopsis thaliana was extracted from the original point cloud. To test the reliability of the color panels board, a 3mm×3mm blue square was fixed on the platform for a repeat trails. Firstly, three kinds of board were used, on which red panels were only linestyle, only rectanglestyle and both of them respectively, for three testing groups. Each testing group had 30 3D point cloud models from the same 10 plants and each plant was collected from three different camera perspectives. Secondly, the method to standardize every 3D point cloud model’s coordinate system was used. Then the centroid coordinate of 3mm×3mm blue square’s point clouds on each model was got, and the Euclidean distance between the centroids in each testing group was calculated. Throughout the value of contrast test, the mean absolute percentage error of leaf width, leaf length, main stem’s length, leaf area and angle between leaves were 9.83%, 10.10%, 1.07%, 4.09% and 4.37%, respectively. A timeseries morphological phenotyping data of three Arabidopsis thaliana samples were collected and used to fit a mathematical model. After that, the model was visualized on Lstudio with L-system. 

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张慧春,王国苏,边黎明,郑加强,周宏平.基于光学相机的植物表型测量系统与时序生长模型研究[J].农业机械学报,2019,50(10):197-207.

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  • 收稿日期:2019-04-02
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  • 在线发布日期: 2019-10-10
  • 出版日期: 2019-10-10