水氮互作对盆栽番茄生长发育和养分累积的影响
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国家自然科学基金项目(51779259)


Effects of Water and Nitrogen Interaction on Growth and Nutrient Accumulation of Potted Tomatoes
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    摘要:

    为探讨不同水氮供应对番茄生长发育和养分吸收的影响,以日光温室盆栽番茄为研究对象,研究3种灌溉水平(灌水下限分别控制在田间持水率的50%、65%、80%,分别记为I1、I2和I3)和4种施氮水平(N和土壤质量比为0、0.13、0.27、0.40g/kg,分别记为N0、N1、N2和N3)对番茄生长发育、生物量、组织含水率和养分累积量的影响。结果表明:叶面积、茎粗和株高均随灌水量的增大而显著增大,随施氮量的增大呈显著的先增大后减小趋势,且N1时各灌溉水平的生长指标均最优;茎和叶含水率在各处理间无明显规律,而果实含水率随灌水量的增大而显著增大,随施氮量的增大而显著减小;茎、叶和果实的干物质量均随灌水量的增大而极显著的增大,随施氮量的增大呈先增大后减小趋势,N1最有利于干物质的形成;水分胁迫(I1)条件下增施氮肥有助于各组织对全氮(N)、全磷(P)和全钾(K)的吸收,且养分更多的用于生殖生长,各组织对养分吸收的施氮阈值为0.13g/kg(N1);地上组织N、P、K累积量与干物质量呈极显著正相关,与对应的养分含量呈显著的负相关(N和K除外),与组织含水率的相关性不显著,且N累积量与P、K累积量均呈极显著的正相关,故增施氮肥可以促进番茄对养分的吸收,特别是促进对K的吸收。与N1I3处理相比,N1I2的果实干物质量、N累积量和K累积量分别下降了3.04%、10.67%和12.08%,但可节约用水25%,因而灌溉控制下限为田间持水率的65%(I2)和施氮水平为0.13g/kg(N1)为最优水氮组合模式,可实现节水、省肥功效,合理调控株型,为产量形成和品质的优化奠定基础。

    Abstract:

    In order to explore the effects of different water and nitrogen application amounts on tomato growth and nutrient uptake, pot experiment was carried out in greenhouse, where treated tomatoes were taken as research object. The irrigation was resumed when soil moisture was reduced to 50%, 65% and 80% of field capacity, and three irrigation levels were therefore designed named as I1, I2 and I3, respectively. Each irrigation level was associated with four nitrogen application rates (Ratio of N to soil quality was 0g/kg, 0.13g/kg, 0.27g/kg and 0.40g/kg named as N0, N1, N2 and N3, respectively). The tomatoes growth, biomass, tissue water content and nutrient accumulation were measured in each treatment. The results showed that the leaf area per plant, stem diameter and plant height were significantly increased with the increase of irrigation amount, and increased first and then decreased with the increase of nitrogen application amount. The optimal growth index was obtained in N1 treatment for each irrigation level. There was no obvious regularity of stem and leaf water content among all treatments. However, increasing irrigation amount significantly improved fruit water content, while increasing nitrogen application amount significantly reduced it. The dry matter content of stems, leaves and fruits were increased firstly and then decreased with the increase of nitrogen application amount, and increased significantly with the increase of irrigation amount. Especially, N1 was the most conducive to dry matter formation. The plant tissues could absorb more total nitrogen(N), phosphorus(P) and potassium (K)when increasing nitrogen application amount under water stress (I1) condition, which benefitted plant reproductive growth. The optimal nitrogen application amount for nutrient uptake by tissues was 0.13g/kg (N1). The accumulated N, P and K of above ground tissues was positively correlated with dry matter and negatively with corresponding nutrient concentrations (except N and K), but not with tissues’ water content. The accumulated N was positively related to accumulated P and K, thus, increasing nitrogen application amount could promote nutrient uptake of tomatoes, especially K uptake. In comparison with N1I3 treatment, the fruit dry matter,nitrogen accumulation and potassium accumulation of N1I2 treatment was decreased by 3.04%, 10.67% and 12.08%, respectively, but the irrigation amount was saved by 25%. The results revealed that the irrigation resumed at 65% of field capacity (I2) associated with 0.13g/kg (N1) was the optimal water-nitrogen combination treatment, which can save water and fertilizer, as well as regulate plant type, and lay the foundation for improving yield and quality.

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李欢欢,刘浩,庞婕,李双,崔永生,孙景生.水氮互作对盆栽番茄生长发育和养分累积的影响[J].农业机械学报,2019,50(9):272-279.

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  • 收稿日期:2019-03-25
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  • 在线发布日期: 2019-09-10
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