Based on near infrared diffuse transmission light compensation spectrum analysis technology, a portable rice quality parameters of the instrument for nondestructive testing was developed, including spectroscopy acquisition unit, light source unit，information processing and display unit，power supply unit, and dedicated reference correction box, etc. Spectral acquisition unit light compensation and collimating lens to the focal effectively improved the signaltonoise ratio of the spectrum, the entire unit size was 207mm×90mm×148mm, which was easy to carry. Fiftytwo indica rice samples were selected and a partial leastsquares prediction model of rice amylose and protein content was established based on the portable multiquality nondestructive testing instrument. The calibration set correlation coefficients of water content, amylose content and protein content were 0.9803, 0.9770 and 0.9323, respectively. The calibration set root mean square error (RMSEc) was 0.2791%, 0.7274% and 0.2045%, respectively. The correlation coefficients of the validation set were 0.9793, 0.9571 and 0.9249, respectively. The validation set root mean square error (RMSEv) was 0.3009%, 1.1067% and 0.2127%, respectively. Based on the MFC software development tool, C/C++ language was used to write the realtime detection and control software, which realized the onekey operation of the portable rice multiquality detector and finally verified the detection accuracy and stability of the portable rice quality nondestructive tester. The maximum variation coefficient of water content, amylose content and protein content was 0.024, 0.079 and 0.034, respectively. The correlation coefficients of predicted and standard physicochemical values of water content, amylose content and protein content in rice samples were 0.9727, 0.9409 and 0.9015, respectively. and the predicted rootmeansquare error was 0.3632%, 1.3181% and 0.2430%, respectively.