周翔,陈上,何川,徐芳,冯浩,何建强.覆膜和控/缓释肥互作对春玉米生长与氮素利用的影响[J].农业机械学报,2019,50(8):321-330.
ZHOU Xiang,CHEN Shang,HE Chuan,XU Fang,FENG Hao,HE Jianqiang.Influences of Interactions of Plastic Film Mulching and Controlled/Slow Release Fertilizer on Growth and Nitrogen Utilization of Spring Maize[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2019,50(8):321-330.
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覆膜和控/缓释肥互作对春玉米生长与氮素利用的影响   [下载全文]
Influences of Interactions of Plastic Film Mulching and Controlled/Slow Release Fertilizer on Growth and Nitrogen Utilization of Spring Maize   [Download Pdf][in English]
投稿时间:2019-01-14  
DOI:10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2019.08.035
中文关键词:  春玉米  早衰  覆膜  控/缓释肥  氮素吸收利用  渭北旱塬
基金项目:陕西省科技统筹创新工程计划项目(2016KTZDNY03-06)、黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室开放基金项目(A314021402-1611)、西北农林科技大学人才专项(千人计划项目)和高等学校学科创新引智计划(111计划)项目(B12007)
作者单位
周翔 西北农林科技大学 
陈上 西北农林科技大学 
何川 西北农林科技大学 
徐芳 西北农林科技大学 
冯浩 西北农林科技大学
中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所 
何建强 西北农林科技大学 
中文摘要:在陕西渭北旱塬地区永寿和长武试验站分别布设田间试验,研究地膜覆盖和控/缓释肥互作对玉米生长和氮素吸收利用的影响。设置了2种栽培方式(双垄沟覆膜、平作)和3种肥料类型(尿素、包膜控释肥和尿素配施双氰胺硝化抑制剂(DCD)缓释肥),共6个处理。通过对比分析不同处理春玉米叶面积指数(LAI)、干物质累积量、产量和氮素利用效率,评价不同互作方式对春玉米生长的影响。结果表明:覆膜可提高玉米产量14.0%~34.2%,减少土壤氮素的淋失,并且增加了0~40cm土壤硝态氮含量,氮素利用效率和氮肥利用效率高于平作处理9.5%~23.7%。覆膜条件下,尿素基施处理的叶面积衰减速率分别高于包膜控释肥处理和尿素加施DCD处理42.0%~51.6% 和55.4%~66.3%,开花期到成熟期干物质积累速率分别低于包膜控释肥处理和尿素加施DCD处理112.7%~155.2% 和30.3%~44.7%。控/缓释肥延缓了覆膜条件下春玉米叶片的衰老速率和衰老时间,加快了玉米生育后期干物质积累速率,营养器官氮素转运量和转运效率均高于尿素基施处理4.2%~78.1%,并且氮素吸收效率和氮肥利用效率高于尿素基施处理6.6%~24.2%。因此,覆膜和控/缓释肥互作可以在一定程度上缓解覆膜条件下春玉米生长的早衰现象,促进玉米生长发育,提高氮肥利用效率,可以作为渭北旱塬春玉米增产的一项有效措施。
ZHOU Xiang  CHEN Shang  HE Chuan  XU Fang  FENG Hao  HE Jianqiang
Northwest A&F University,Northwest A&F University,Northwest A&F University,Northwest A&F University,Northwest A&F University;Institute of Water and Soil Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources and Northwest A&F University
Key Words:spring maize  premature aging  plastic film mulching  controlled/slow release fertilizer  nitrogen uptake and utilization  Weibei Dryland
Abstract:In order to study the effects of interactions of plastic film mulching and controlled/slow release fertilizer on the growth and nitrogen utilization of spring maize, field experiments were conducted at two sites in Yongshou and Changwu on the Weibei Dryland in Shaanxi Province in 2017. The experiments included two cropping patterns (e.g. full plastic film mulching, M; flat planting, F), and three types of nitrogen fertilizer (e.g. urea fertilizer, U; control release fertilizer, CU; slow release fertilizer, SU). A total of six different treatments were involved consequently. Then the influences of different interactions on the growth of spring maize were evaluated through comparisons of leaf area index (LAI), biomass accumulation, grain yield and nitrogen utilization under different treatments. The results showed that plastic film mulching could significantly increase spring maize yield by 14.0%~34.2% compared with the flat planting treatment. The plastic mulching treatment increased nitrogen content in the 0~40cm soil, reduced nitrogen leaching to deep soil layers, and increased nitrogen use efficiency by 95%~237%. Under plastics film mulching, the leaf area aging rate of urea based treatment (U) was higher than that of the coated controlled release fertilizer treatment (CU) and the urea added DCD treatment (SU) by 42.0%~51.6% and 55.4%~66.3%, respectively. The dry matter accumulation rate of urea based treatment (U) from flowering to maturity was lower than that of the coated controlled release fertilizer treatment (CU) and the urea added DCD treatment (SU) by 112.7%~155.2% and 30.3%~44.7%, respectively. Under plastic film mulching, nitrogen transport amount and efficiency of vegetative organs of the controlled/slow release fertilizer treatment were higher than that of the urea based treatment (U) by 4.2%~78.1%, and the nitrogen absorption efficiency and nitrogen fertilizer utilization efficiency were higher than the urea treatment (U) by 6.6%~24.2%. Therefore, the interactions of plastic film mulching and controlled/slow release fertilizer can alleviate premature aging of spring maize, promote the growth, and increase the efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer utilization of spring maize to some extent. Thus, the combination of plastic film mulching and controlled/slow release fertilizer can be used as an effective measure to increase corn yield in the Weibei Dryland in Shaanxi Province. 

Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agriculture Machinery (CSAM), in charged of China Association for Science and Technology (CAST), sponsored by CSAM and Chinese Academy of Agricultural Mechanization Science(CAAMS), started publication in 1957. It is the earliest interdisciplinary journal in Chinese which combines agricultural and engineering. It always closely grasps the development direction of agriculture engineering disciplines and the published papers represent the highest academic level of agriculture engineering in China. Currently, nearly 8,000 papers have been already published. There are around 3,000 papers contributed to the journal each year, but only around 600 of them will be accepted. Transactions of CSAM focuses on a wide range of agricultural machinery, irrigation, electronics, robotics, agro-products engineering, biological energy, agricultural structures and environment and more. Subjects in Transactions of the CSAM have been embodied by many internationally well-known index systems, such as: EI Compendex, CA, CSA, etc.

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