In order to solve the problem that the characteristic parameters of soil surface groove are difficult to be measured after the operation of soil tillage parts，the traditional measurement methods have problems in measurement efficiency and error. A tillage soil groove measurement system based on laser triangulation was designed，the system included portable hardware structure and an interactive software system. The hardware structure was mainly composed of X/Y axis electric guides, laser range finder，rotary encoders，portable computer，level and aluminium profile. The interactive software based on LabView can realize high-precision scanning and positioning of X/Y electric guides based on motion controller and rotary encoder signals，the interactive interface displayed the groove width, groove depth，real-time plotting of soil disturbance and groove contour curve. The acquired points cloud was obtained by a spatial interpolation and the surface fitting algorithm to obtain a grooved 3-dimensional digital model. The field experiments and precision, method comparison experiments were conducted. The results showed that the measurement errors of horizontal direction and vertical direction were 0.59mm and 0.02mm, respectively. Compared with image detection method, the average relative errors of RMSH and CL were reduced by 2.1% and 1.1%, respectively. The measured value tended to be stable with the increase of sampling times, which can be used as the true value of measurement, and the measurement error was decreased exponentially. The average measuring time and relative error of the system measurement were 3.37% and 0.72m2, respectively. The measuring system had measuring accuracy and reliability, which can satisfy automatic measurement of furrow type after farmland soil tillage. The requirement of chemical measurement provided a new idea for the quality analysis of soil tillage components and evaluation of tillage machinery and equipment.