生物炭对不同坡度坡耕地土壤水动力学参数的影响
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国家自然科学基金项目(51479033)、黑龙江省博士后基金项目(LBH-Z17017)和东北农业大学农业农村部农业水资源高效利用重点实验室开放项目(2017009)


Effect of Biochar on Soil Hydrodynamic Parameters under Different Slopes
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    摘要:

    在3种地形坡度条件下,开展了施加生物炭后连续两年的土壤水动力学效应试验研究,探究不同坡度坡耕地施加生物炭当年和次年对土壤水分常数、土壤水分特征曲线、比水容量、非饱和导水率K(h)和非饱和扩散率D(θ)的影响。结果表明:施用生物炭当年和次年均使土壤田间持水率和饱和含水率增大,且随坡度增加其增率变大,生物炭因子两年内对土壤水分常数的影响显著(P<0.015),而坡度因子影响不显著(P>0.05),即生物炭因子作用更明显;施用生物炭两年内,在各个土壤吸力条件下土壤含水率均增大,土壤持水性增强,且同地形坡度呈正相关关系、同年限呈负相关关系;生物炭在两年内均增大土壤比水容量,使其供水能力加强,最大增量1830207×10-3cm3/cm4;地形坡度对K(h)无明显影响,但施加生物炭可使K(h)增大,土壤导水性增强,2016、2017年K(h)最高分别增加239.61%、164.04%;施加生物炭可降低D(θ),抑制土壤水分的水平运动,随地形坡度增加抑制效果增强。生物炭施用当年对各土壤水动力学参数的影响大于施用次年。研究结果可为东北黑土区坡耕地农业水土保护和利用提供理论依据。

    Abstract:

    In order to explore the effect of applying biochar on the posteffects of soil hydrodynamic parameters on different slopes, the experimental study on soil hydrodynamic effects was carried out for two consecutive years after the application of biochar under three kinds of terrain slope conditions. The effects of biochar applied to different slopes on soil water constant, soil water characteristic curve, specific water capacity, unsaturated hydraulic conductivity K(h) and unsaturated diffusion rate D(θ) were investigated. The results showed that the application of biochar could increase the soil water holding capacity and saturated water content in the same year and the next year, and the growth rate was increased with the increase of slope. Biochar factors had significant effects on soil water constants within two years (P<0.015), while slope factors had no significant effect (P>0.05), which meant that biochar factors were more pronounced. Within two years, the soil moisture content was increased under various soil suction conditions, soil water holding capacity was increased, and it was positively correlated with slope of terrain and negatively correlated with age. Biochar increased the soil specific water capacity within two years, and the water supply capacity was strengthened, the maximum water capacity increase was 1830207×10-3cm3/cm4. The slope of terrain had no obvious effect on K(h), but the application of biochar could increase K(h) and the soil water conductivity was enhanced. In 2016 and 2017, K(h) was increased by a maximum of 239.61% and 164.04%, respectively. The application of biochar could reduce D(θ) and inhibit the horizontal movement of soil moisture. As the increase of slope of terrain, the suppression effect was enhanced. The effect of biochar application on the soil hydrodynamic parameters in the first year was greater than that in the next year. The research results can provide a theoretical basis for the protection and utilization of agricultural soil and water in sloping farmland in the black soil region of Northeast China.

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魏永霞,王鹤,吴昱,刘慧.生物炭对不同坡度坡耕地土壤水动力学参数的影响[J].农业机械学报,2019,50(3):231-240.

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  • 收稿日期:2018-08-01
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  • 在线发布日期: 2019-03-10
  • 出版日期: 2019-03-10