基于Kinect的机器人抓取系统研究
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国家自然科学基金项目(51575219)


Research on Robotic Grasping System Based on Kinect Camera
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    摘要:

    智能抓取搬运机器人能够高效、可靠地完成各种搬运任务,降低工作人员的劳动强度,精准的物体定位是机器人执行搬运任务的基础。本文研究了基于Kinect的机器人抓取系统,可实现物体的类别检测、物体定位及机器人抓取任务。抓取系统由3个子系统(物体检测系统、物体定位系统及机器人抓取系统)组成。首先利用Kinect采集的物体图像信息训练单次多盒检测(Single multibox detection, SSD)模型,然后根据SSD模型对物体的类别进行检测,得到物体在图像中的边框,并获取边框中物体像素坐标和深度,接着通过Kinect相机手眼标定法将像素坐标和深度转换到机器人基坐标系中,实现物体的定位,最后通过机器人逆运动学求解关节角,驱动机器人运动完成抓取搬运任务。对机器人进行了物体的定位和抓取实验,实验结果表明,物体的定位误差较小,物体抓取搬运实验的平均成功率达到97%,满足物体的抓取搬运需求。

    Abstract:

    The intelligent grasping robot can efficiently and reliably perform various handling tasks, reducing the labor intensity of the staff, and accurate object positioning was the basis for the robot to perform the handling task. A robotic grasping system was studied by using Kinect sensor. The robotic grasping system consisted of three subsystems (object detection system, object positioning system and robot motion system). The image information of the object acquired by Kinect sensor was firstly used to train a single multibox detection (SSD) model, and then the object’s category was detected according to the SSD model, the border of the object in the image and pixel coordinate and depth value of the border were obtained. In order to obtain the mapping between the coordinate information of the object in the threedimensional space and the pixel information in the image, the camera can be calibrated by ZHANG Zhengyou calibration method to obtain the intrinsic parameters, extrinsic parameters and distortion parameters. The robot system and the vision system were connected by the Kinect camera handeye calibration, and then the threedimensional coordinates of the object in the robot base coordinate system were obtained by coordinate transformation to realize the object positioning. Finally, the robot inverse kinematics was introduced to solve the joint angle, and the robot motion was driven to complete the grasping and carrying task. Object’s positioning and conveying experiments were conducted. The mean absolute error of the object in x and y directions was 5.2mm and 2.8mm, respectively. The mean absolute error of object height was 4.5mm. The success rate of the object grabbing and carrying experiment was 97%. The experimental results showed that the robotic grasping system proposed was valid to perform object detection, object positioning and conveying task.

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黄玲涛,王彬,倪涛,缪海峰,李亚男.基于Kinect的机器人抓取系统研究[J].农业机械学报,2019,50(1):390-399.

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  • 收稿日期:2018-09-29
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  • 在线发布日期: 2019-01-10
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