杨晓,毛恩荣,ZHANG Jianshun,宋正河,金晓萍,杜岳峰.大型拖拉机驾驶室热舒适性评价[J].农业机械学报,2018,49(s1):470-476.
YANG Xiao,MAO Enrong,ZHANG Jianshun,SONG Zhenghe,JIN Xiaoping,DU Yuefeng.Cab Thermal Comfort Assessment of High-power Tractor[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2018,49(s1):470-476.
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大型拖拉机驾驶室热舒适性评价   [下载全文]
Cab Thermal Comfort Assessment of High-power Tractor   [Download Pdf][in English]
投稿时间:2018-07-16  
DOI:10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2018.S0.064
中文关键词:  驾驶室  最小能量原理  热舒适性  平均投票数  不满意百分数
基金项目:国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0700101)
作者单位
杨晓 中国农业大学 
毛恩荣 中国农业大学 
ZHANG Jianshun 雪城大学 
宋正河 中国农业大学 
金晓萍 中国农业大学 
杜岳峰 中国农业大学 
中文摘要:针对国内大型拖拉机驾驶室热舒适性差的问题,在对热舒适性影响因素分析的基础上,选取进风风速、风温和出风角为研究因素,采用ANSYS 18.1Fluent软件进行正交仿真,并基于仿真结果进行了人体热舒适性评价。仿真结果表明,整个驾驶室降温过程平稳有效,驾驶室内温度可调节范围为18~22℃,驾驶员周围风速为0.2m/s,耗时21min后驾驶室温度达到人体最适温度且人体各热舒适性指标均处于人体热舒适性区间内。正交仿真结果表明,空调风速和风温对降温效果影响显著,出风角对降温效果影响不显著。人体局部温度的仿真结果表明,在第41秒时人体脸部温度开始下降,头部首先进入舒适区,10min时人体各部分进入舒适区并在第21分钟人体各主要部分达到最舒适点,满足人体对降温速度的要求。若持续降温,在50min后驾驶室平均温度进入人体不舒适过冷区。人体热舒适性评价曲线表明,平均投票数评价曲线成直线下降趋势,说明所设计驾驶室的温度场能以较快速度达到人体舒适区;不满意百分数评价曲线呈现先下降后升高的趋势,表明整个降温过程人体首先从过热区进入舒适区,若继续降温则又会进入寒冷区,再次对人体产生不舒适。综上,仿真结果符合驾驶室内的实际降温情况和人体生理反应过程,为温度智能控制系统和驾驶室空气净化系统的设计提供了一定参考依据。
YANG Xiao  MAO Enrong  ZHANG Jianshun  SONG Zhenghe  JIN Xiaoping  DU Yuefeng
China Agricultural University,China Agricultural University,Syracuse University,China Agricultural University,China Agricultural University and China Agricultural University
Key Words:cab  least energy principle  thermal comfort  mean vote  percentage dissatisfied
Abstract:With the dramatically growing use of agricultural high-power tractors, comfort of cab is an important problem in China. Because of the indirect impact with low comfort of the cab, the productivity is restricted. Health of tractor drivers was also undermined by low comfort of the cab. According to the least energy principle, the factors of comfort cab were defined. One of them was the thermal comfort. The simulation and dynamic assessment of comfort tractor cab were studied. The results showed that during the whole period of cooling process, the wind speed was 0.2m/s which was accorded with the comfort demands and the minimum of temperature in the cab was 18℃. Firstly, the governing equations that contained CFD and thermal comfort assessment equations were deduced. The equation temperature and the monitor temperature were less different so that comfort zone theory could be used in cab thermal comfort design. In order to get the best value of parameters, the orthogonal simulation test was used. The speed and temperature of wind were significant to the cooling effects and the angel was not significant to the cooling effects according to the simulation results. The temperature of head zone began to decline at 41s initially and went into the comfort zone firstly. At 10min during the cooling period, each limb of tractor driver felt comfort and the most comfortable was at 21min. This cooling result could be set default value in intelligent control system. After 50min, the temperature of tractor cab would be into the uncomfortable cold zone if cooling was continued. Then the dynamic comfort process was calculated by predicted mean vote and predicted percentage dissatisfied. Because the predicted mean vote was declined rapidly, the feeling of drivers became better rapidly. Predicted percentage dissatisfied declined firstly and ascended after 50min. It was showed that the comfort feeling was in a time segment if cooling was continued. The assessment results also confirmed the correctness of the simulation results. The simulation results also provided certain reference basis for intelligent temperature control and air cleaning design of high-power tractor cab.

Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agriculture Machinery (CSAM), in charged of China Association for Science and Technology (CAST), sponsored by CSAM and Chinese Academy of Agricultural Mechanization Science(CAAMS), started publication in 1957. It is the earliest interdisciplinary journal in Chinese which combines agricultural and engineering. It always closely grasps the development direction of agriculture engineering disciplines and the published papers represent the highest academic level of agriculture engineering in China. Currently, nearly 8,000 papers have been already published. There are around 3,000 papers contributed to the journal each year, but only around 600 of them will be accepted. Transactions of CSAM focuses on a wide range of agricultural machinery, irrigation, electronics, robotics, agro-products engineering, biological energy, agricultural structures and environment and more. Subjects in Transactions of the CSAM have been embodied by many internationally well-known index systems, such as: EI Compendex, CA, CSA, etc.

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