整叶类蔬菜清洗机设计与试验
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国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0400404)


Design and Experiment on Washer for Whole-leaf Vegetables
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    摘要:

    针对整叶类蔬菜清洗过程中整叶、低损伤、有序的要求,设计了以气浴和水流为清洗动力的整叶类蔬菜清洗机。确定了清洗工艺流程,进行了清洗机整体结构设计,针对菜叶遇水粘附、上浮等清洗难点,模拟人工清洗过程,设计料筐周期性上下振动方式清洗。对清洗机清洗槽和过滤装置、气泡发生装置、水流喷射装置等关键部件进行设计,实现设备自动化运转。针对喷气管路进行流体动力学模拟仿真,对不同气流流速下的气相分布情况进行研究,确定气流流速范围为2~8m/s,用以指导风泵的选型。选定气流流速6m/s作为参数,对不同喷气孔径、喷气孔间距的管路进行模拟仿真,以气相分布均匀程度作为评价指标,得出最优管路参数为喷气孔径8mm、喷气孔间距50mm。以整棵菠菜为清洗物料,选定清洗量、清洗时间、气浴强度作为因素,各选定三水平,同时设定空白列,进行四因素三水平正交试验。清洗试验以破损率和洗净率作为评价指标,按照破损率和洗净率各占0.5的权重进行正交试验分析和方差分析。清洗试验结果表明,清洗量、清洗时间、气浴强度对菠菜洗净率、破损率影响显著,最佳菠菜清洗参数清洗量为4kg、清洗时间为120s、气浴强度为5m/s。

    Abstract:

    According to the requirements of leaf integrity, low damage and order in the cleaning process of whole-leaf vegetables, a washer was designed by integrating the cleaning power of air-bubble and water-jets. The cleaning process was determined, and the whole structure of the washer was designed. In view of difficulties in cleaning, such as leaves adhesion and floating in water, the basket was designed to vibrate and up-and-down motion periodically in order to simulate the manual cleaning process. The key components were designed, such as the rinse tank and filter, bubble generator and water jet, and the automatic operation of the equipment was realized. The computational fluid dynamics simulation was carried out for the air jet pipeline, and the distribution of gas phase at different air flow rates was studied, and the air flow rate range was determined as 2~ 8m/s, and the selection of air pump was guided. The simulation of different pipelines with different diameters of air-jet hole and different hole spacings was done at air flow rate of 6m/s. The gas phase distribution uniformity was used as the evaluation index, and the optimal pipeline parameters were got as air-jet hole diameter was 8mm and hole spacing was 50mm.Taking the whole spinach as the cleaning material, the washing weight, cleaning time and intensity of airflow were selected as factors which had three levels respectively, and a blank column was set at the same time for the four-factor and three-level orthogonal experiment. The damage rate and cleaning rate were used as evaluation indexes in cleaning test, and the comprehensive evaluation index was calculated according to the weight of damage rate and cleaning rate which accounted for 0.5. Orthogonal experimental analysis and variance analysis were performed. The test results showed that washing weight, cleaning time and intensity of airflow have signifcant influences on cleaning rate and damage rate of spinach, and the optimum cleaning parameters of spinach were obtained as washing weight was 4kg, cleaning time was 120s, and the intensity of airflow was 5m/s.

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马雪飞,杜志龙,马季威,李佳伟,赵丹,曹光矗.整叶类蔬菜清洗机设计与试验[J].农业机械学报,2018,49(s1):419-425. MA Xuefei, DU Zhilong, MA Jiwei, LI Jiawei, ZHAO Dan, CAO Guangchu. Design and Experiment on Washer for Whole-leaf Vegetables[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2018,49(s1):419-425

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  • 收稿日期:2018-07-05
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  • 在线发布日期: 2018-11-10
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