3WPZ-4型风送式葡萄喷雾机设计与试验
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国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0700903)、国家国际科技合作专项(2013DFA71130)和国家自然科学基金项目(51405496)


Design and Experiment of 3WPZ-4 Type Air-assisted Grape Sprayer
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    摘要:

    为解决施药作业过程中劳动强度大、农药利用率低、流失严重,成本高等问题,结合超声波靶标探测、多柔性出风管风送与气流辅助式精量施药、精量喷雾控制等核心技术,设计与PT-115型多功能自走式底盘配套使用的3WPZ-4型葡萄喷雾机,该喷雾机喷药葡萄行距2.5~3.5m,喷雾行数4行,作业速度4.0~6.0km/h,药箱容量1600L,额定喷雾压力0.5~1.0MPa。4年生酿酒葡萄园施药作业结果表明,3WPZ-4型风送式葡萄喷雾机在额定喷雾压力时,喷雾量为37.4~78.7L/min,雾滴体积中径为132.1~251.1μm。为测试开发的施药系统喷雾性能,将精准对靶系统关闭,使用1.2mm喷嘴,喷雾压力1.0MPa,无风送时,施药量为801.2L/hm2,药液沉积率最低为53.24%,地面流失率最大为15.53%,飘移率最高为31.23%;使用1.5mm喷嘴,喷雾压力1.0MPa,有风送时,施药量为1005.4L/hm2,药液沉积率最高为71.90%,飘移率最低为15.68%;使用1.2mm喷嘴,喷雾压力0.5MPa,有风送时,施药量为408.4L/hm2,药液地面流失率最低为10.77%;无辅助风时药液平均沉积率为58.83%,平均地面流失率为14.48%,平均飘移率为26.69%,有辅助风时药液平均沉积率为68.94%,平均地面流失率为12.08%,平均飘移率为18.98%,使用辅助风使药液平均沉积率提高了17.2%,平均地面流失率降低了16.56%,平均飘移率降低了28.87%。启动精准对靶系统,试验中精准对靶系统喷雾量平均误差2.90%,药液平均沉积率为65.76%,平均地面流失率为13.40%,平均飘移率为20.84%。

    Abstract:

    To reduce labor intensive, increase pesticides availability and decrease loss and other issues, the 3WPZ-4 type grape sprayer matching on model PT-115 multifunctional self-propelled chassis was developed, which contained the technology of ultrasonic target probe, flexibility discharge pipes air-assisted precision spray and integrated control. The 3WPZ-4 type air-assisted grape sprayer with 1600L tank can operate for four rows wine grape at the same time and the designed spray pressure was form 0.5MPa to 1.0MPa which adapted to 2.5~3.5m wine grape row spacing. Four years wine grape pesticides application test showed that the spray water volume of 3WPZ-4 type air-assisted grape sprayer was from 37.4L/min to 78.7L/min, droplet median volume diameter was form 132.1μm to 251.1μm. Without precision target system and no air-assisted, using 1.2mm nozzle at 1.0MPa spray pressure, the minimum pesticides deposition rate was 53.24%, the maximum loss rate was 15.53% and drift rate was 31.23% at spray water volume of 801.2L/hm2. With air-assisted, using 1.5mm nozzle at 1.0MPa spray pressure, the maximum deposition rate was 71.90%, and the minimum drift rate was 15.68% at spray water volume of 1005.4L/hm2. Using 1.2mm nozzle at 0.5MPa spray pressure with air-assisted, the minimum loss rate was 10.77% at spray water volume of 408.4L/hm2. Without air-assisted, average pesticides deposition rate was 58.83%, average loss rate was 14.48%, and the average drift rate was 26.69%. With air-assisted, average pesticides deposition rate was 68.94%, average loss rate was 12.08%, and average drift rate was 18.98%. With air-assisted, average pesticides deposition rate was increased by 17.2%, average loss rate was reduced by 16.56%, and average drift rate was lowered by 28.87%. When using precision target system, the average spray water volume error was 2.90%, average pesticides deposition rate was 65.76%, average loss rate was 13.40%, and average drift rate was 20.84%. 

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董祥,张铁,燕明德,杨学军,严荷荣,孙星.3WPZ-4型风送式葡萄喷雾机设计与试验[J].农业机械学报,2018,49(s1):205-213.

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  • 收稿日期:2018-07-12
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  • 在线发布日期: 2018-11-10
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