生物炭配施沼液对淋溶状态下土壤养分的影响
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国家自然科学基金项目(51406032)、黑龙江省自然科学基金项目(E201406)、中央引导地方科技发展专项(ZY17C05)、黑龙江省博士后基金项目(LBH-13044Z)和教育部留学回国人员科研启动基金项目(20131792)


Effects of Biochar Combined with Biogas Slurry on Soil Nutrients in Leaching State
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    摘要:

    为探讨生物炭配施沼液对土壤养分淋失的影响,通过室内土柱试验,采用三因素三水平正交试验方法,系统研究了生物炭添加量、淋溶强度、沼液施加量对土壤养分淋失及土壤养分垂直分布的影响规律。结果表明,土壤养分淋失主要集中在前8次,后期淋失量均维持在较低水平并趋于稳定。各因素对氨态氮、速效磷、速效钾淋失的影响由大到小依次为淋溶强度、生物炭添加量、沼液施加量,而对硝态氮淋失量的影响由大到小依次为生物炭添加量、沼液施加量、淋溶强度。添加生物炭能明显减少养分淋失,且添加生物炭的0~20cm深度土壤的养分明显高于未添加生物炭的20~40cm土壤,各因素对氨态氮、硝态氮、速效钾在土壤中的含量影响差异显著,而对速效磷的影响则无显著差异。

    Abstract:

    The leaching loss of soil nutrients along with water is serious in the process of agricultural planting, it not only wastes fertilizer resources, but also causes eutrophication of surface water and further threatens groundwater quality, and the phenomenon is more serious during the application of liquid bioorganic fertilizer biogas slurry. Biochar has strong adsorption due to its special physical and chemical properties, adding biochar to soil to reduce the loss of nutrient has become a research focus. However, its leaching process and law still need to be further studied. To investigate the effects of soil nutrient leaching after biogas slurry was applied under different conditions, the orthogonal design of threefactor and threelevel L9 (33) was adopted through indoor soil column simulation test. The effects of biochar addition amount(2%, 5% and 10%), leaching intensity(46mL, 137mL and 250mL) and biogas slurry addition amount(100mL, 200mL and 300mL)on soil nutrient leaching and vertical distribution of soil nutrients after leaching were systematically studied. The results showed that soil nutrient leaching was mainly concentrated in the early stage of leaching (leaching was mainly concentrated in the first five times of leaching), the leaching loss amount remained at a low level and gradually became stable at later stage. The effects of various factors on the leaching loss of ammonia nitrogen, rapidly available phosphorus and rapidly available potassium were successively the leaching strength, amount of biochar added and amount of biogas slurry applied, however, the effects on the loss amount of nitrate nitrogen leaching were successively the amount of biochar, amount of biogas slurry and leaching intensity. Compared with the control group, the nutrient leaching loss of biochar treatment was significantly reduced. The content of various nutrients of the soil with depth of 0~20cm added with biochar was significantly higher than that of the soil with depth of 20~40cm without biochar. The effects of various factors on the content of ammonia nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen and rapidly available potassium in soil were significantly different in longitudinal depth, but there was no significant difference on the content of rapidly available phosphorus. The experiment laid a theoretical foundation for the research on leaching effect of biochar addition and biogas slurry application on soil nutrients, the research and application of biochar as a soil improvement additive as well as the scientific and reasonable application of biogas slurry in the field production can be accelerated.

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王忠江,张 正,刘 卓,王丽丽,司爱龙,曹 振.生物炭配施沼液对淋溶状态下土壤养分的影响[J].农业机械学报,2018,49(11):260-267.

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  • 收稿日期:2018-05-27
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  • 在线发布日期: 2018-11-10
  • 出版日期: 2018-11-10