魏永霞,石国新,吴 昱,刘 慧.黑土区坡耕地生物炭施用模式效应与土地生产力评价[J].农业机械学报,2018,49(11):251-259.
WEI Yongxia,SHI Guoxin,WU Yu,LIU Hui.Effect and Comprehensive Evaluation of Biochar Application Mode on Slope Farmland in Black Soil Region[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2018,49(11):251-259.
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黑土区坡耕地生物炭施用模式效应与土地生产力评价   [下载全文]
Effect and Comprehensive Evaluation of Biochar Application Mode on Slope Farmland in Black Soil Region   [Download Pdf][in English]
投稿时间:2018-05-17  
DOI:10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2018.11.029
中文关键词:  生物炭  施用模式  综合评价  土地生产力指数  TOPSIS模型
基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目(51479033)、国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFC0400101)、黑龙江省博士后基金项目(LBH-Z17017)和农业部农业水资源高效利用重点实验室开放项目(2017009)
作者单位
魏永霞 东北农业大学
农业部农业水资源高效利用重点实验室 
石国新 东北农业大学 
吴 昱 黑龙江农垦勘测设计研究院
东北林业大学林学院 
刘 慧 东北农业大学
农业部农业水资源高效利用重点实验室 
中文摘要:为了研究黑土区施加生物炭的施用模式,以东北黑土区3°坡耕地田间径流小区为研究对象,进行了为期3年的观测。2015年按照生物炭的施加量共设置C0(0t/hm2)、C25(25t/hm2)、C50(50t/hm2)、C75(75t/hm2)、C100(100t/hm2)5个处理,2016、2017分别连续施加等量的生物炭。分析了黑土区连续3年施加生物炭后土壤理化性质、水土保持效应、节水增产效应等指标的变化规律,并建立改进的TOPSIS模型对生物炭的施用模式进行综合评价。结果表明:土壤有机碳密度、pH值随施炭量的增加均呈线性递增趋势,土壤容重随施炭量的增加呈线性递减趋势,且施用年限越久,作用越明显;施用1年时田间持水率随施炭量的增加呈线性递增趋势,C100处理田间持水率最大,为35.48%,连续施用2年、3年时田间持水率随施炭量的增加呈先增后减的二次抛物线变化,均为C50处理达到最大,分别为36.20%、36.24%;3年的年径流量和年土壤侵蚀量随施炭量的增加均呈先减后增的二次抛物线变化,连续施加2年50t/hm2的生物炭减流效果和抗土壤侵蚀效果最优;连续3年施加生物炭均提高了大豆产量和水分利用效率,各年份产量和水分利用效率提高最大的分别为C75(21.8%、25.3%)、C50(33.3%、27.6%)、C50(24.1%、19.8%);在不同施炭量和施用年限条件下,改进的TOPSIS模型能客观、清晰地描述土地生产力变化过程,并总结出生物炭施用模式,即连续施加2年50t/hm2的生物炭对土地生产能力的提升最优,其次是施加1年75t/hm2的生物炭。
WEI Yongxia  SHI Guoxin  WU Yu  LIU Hui
Northeast Agricultural University;Key Laboratory of High Efficient Utilization of Agricultural Water Resources, Ministry of Agriculture,Northeast Agricultural University,Heilongjiang Agricultural Reclamation Survey and Research Institute;Northeast Forestry University and Northeast Agricultural University;Key Laboratory of High Efficient Utilization of Agricultural Water Resources, Ministry of Agriculture
Key Words:biochar  application model  comprehensive evaluation  soil productivity index  TOPSIS model
Abstract:In order to study the mode of application of biochar in the black soil area, a field runoff plot of 3° slope cultivated land in Northeast China was studied for a period of three years. In 2015, according to the amount of biochar applied, five treatments of C0 (0t/hm2), C25 (25t/hm2), C50 (50t/hm2), C75 (75t/hm2) and C100 (100t/hm2) were set up. The treatments were applied with the same amount of biochar in 2016 and 2017, respectively. The changes of soil physical and chemical properties, the effects of soil and water conservation and the effects of water saving and yield increasing were studied after applying biochar for three consecutive years in black soil area. And a model was established based on an improved TOPSIS to comprehensively evaluate the application mode of biochar. The results showed that the soil organic carbon density, pH value and the applied amount of biochar presented a linear increasing trend, the soil bulk density and the applied amount of biochar showed a linear decreasing trend, and the longer the service life was, the more obvious the effect was. The field water holding capacity and the applied amount of biochar were increased linearly in the first year. The C100 treatment had the largest amount of water in the field, which was 3548%. And the field water capacity and applied amount of biochar during the two year and three year continuous applications showed a quadratic parabola changes. The parabola changes reached the maximum at C50 treatment, which were 36.20% and 36.24%. The three year annual runoff, annual soil erosion and applied amount of biochar were firstly reduced and then increased by the quadratic parabola. Continuous application of two years of 50t/hm2 biochar had the best reduction effect and anti erosion effect. The application of biochar for three consecutive years increased soybean yield and water use efficiency, The highest increase in yield and water use efficiency in each year were C75 (21.8%, 25.3%), C50 (33.3%, 27.6%) and C50 (24.1%, 19.8%), respectively. Under the conditions of different biochar application rates and application years, the improved TOPSIS model can objectively and clearly describe the process of soil productivity changes, and summarize the proposed biochar application mode. That was, continuous application of 50t/hm2 biochar for two years gave the best improvement in soil productivity, which followed by 75t/hm2 for a year. The results of this research can provide a theoretical basis for practical production.

Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agriculture Machinery (CSAM), in charged of China Association for Science and Technology (CAST), sponsored by CSAM and Chinese Academy of Agricultural Mechanization Science(CAAMS), started publication in 1957. It is the earliest interdisciplinary journal in Chinese which combines agricultural and engineering. It always closely grasps the development direction of agriculture engineering disciplines and the published papers represent the highest academic level of agriculture engineering in China. Currently, nearly 8,000 papers have been already published. There are around 3,000 papers contributed to the journal each year, but only around 600 of them will be accepted. Transactions of CSAM focuses on a wide range of agricultural machinery, irrigation, electronics, robotics, agro-products engineering, biological energy, agricultural structures and environment and more. Subjects in Transactions of the CSAM have been embodied by many internationally well-known index systems, such as: EI Compendex, CA, CSA, etc.

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