张忠学,陈 鹏,陈帅宏,尚文彬,姜丽莉,侯景翔.黑土区节水灌溉对各期肥料氮素在土壤中残留的影响[J].农业机械学报,2018,49(11):240-250.
ZHANG Zhongxue,CHEN Peng,CHEN Shuaihong,SHANG Wenbin,JIANG Lili,HOU Jingxiang.Effects of Water-saving Irrigation on Residues of Different Periods Fertilizer Nitrogen in Black Soils[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2018,49(11):240-250.
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黑土区节水灌溉对各期肥料氮素在土壤中残留的影响   [下载全文]
Effects of Water-saving Irrigation on Residues of Different Periods Fertilizer Nitrogen in Black Soils   [Download Pdf][in English]
投稿时间:2018-06-07  
DOI:10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2018.11.028
中文关键词:  黑土  节水灌溉    氮残留  同位素示踪技术
基金项目:国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFC0400108)和国家自然科学基金面上项目(51779046)
作者单位
张忠学 东北农业大学
农业部农业水资源高效利用重点实验室 
陈 鹏 东北农业大学
农业部农业水资源高效利用重点实验室 
陈帅宏 东北农业大学
农业部农业水资源高效利用重点实验室 
尚文彬 东北农业大学
农业部农业水资源高效利用重点实验室 
姜丽莉 东北农业大学
农业部农业水资源高效利用重点实验室 
侯景翔 东北农业大学
农业部农业水资源高效利用重点实验室 
中文摘要:为揭示松嫩平原低温黑土区节水灌溉模式下肥料氮素在稻田土壤中的残留情况,采用在田间小区内原位设置15N示踪微区的方法,分别标记施用的基肥、蘖肥、穗肥,以常规淹灌模式作为对照,研究了稻作控制灌溉模式下水稻收获后各期肥料氮素在稻田土壤中的残留情况,以及残留在稻田土壤中的肥料氮素在0~60cm土层的分布。试验结果表明,不同施氮水平下稻作控制灌溉模式基肥氮素在稻田土壤中的残留率为29.7%~32.7%;蘖肥氮素的残留率为54.9%~57.3%;穗肥氮素的残留率为29.4%~35.4%;肥料氮素在土壤中的总残留率为36.4%~37.1%,相同施氮量下稻作控制灌溉模式下各期肥料氮素在土壤中的残留率均高于常规淹灌,且相同施氮水平不同灌溉模式下肥料氮素在相同深度土层中的残留量差异显著,不同施氮量下稻作控制灌溉模式水稻生长期内施用的基肥、蘖肥、穗肥氮素在稻田表层土壤(0~20cm)中的残留量均高于常规淹灌模式;而在20~40cm和40~60cm土层的残留量均低于常规淹灌,与常规淹灌相比,稻作控制灌溉模式可以提高肥料氮素在根区土壤(0~20cm)中的残留量,减少了肥料氮素损失,同时残留的肥料氮素可以在一定程度上补充黑土区的土壤氮库,有利于黑土区稻田土壤的保护及肥力的提升。相关性分析表明:肥料氮素在土壤中的总残留量除与各时期肥料氮素在土壤中的残留量呈极显著正相关外,与基肥和穗肥氮素在表层土壤的残留量呈显著正相关。研究结果可为制定黑土区稻田适宜的水氮调控模式,有效管理和充分利用土壤残留氮肥,改善黑土区稻田生态环境提供参考。
ZHANG Zhongxue  CHEN Peng  CHEN Shuaihong  SHANG Wenbin  JIANG Lili  HOU Jingxiang
Northeast Agricultural University;Key Laboratory of Effective Utilization of Agricultural Water Resources, Ministry of Agriculture,Northeast Agricultural University;Key Laboratory of Effective Utilization of Agricultural Water Resources, Ministry of Agriculture,Northeast Agricultural University;Key Laboratory of Effective Utilization of Agricultural Water Resources, Ministry of Agriculture,Northeast Agricultural University;Key Laboratory of Effective Utilization of Agricultural Water Resources, Ministry of Agriculture,Northeast Agricultural University;Key Laboratory of Effective Utilization of Agricultural Water Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Northeast Agricultural University;Key Laboratory of Effective Utilization of Agricultural Water Resources, Ministry of Agriculture
Key Words:black soil  water saving irrigation  nitrogen  nitrogen residue  isotope tracer technology
Abstract:In order to reveal the residue of fertilizer nitrogen in paddy soil under the water saving irrigation model in the low temperature black soil area of Songnen Plain, two irrigation modes were set up in the field experiment, which were controlled irrigation and conventional flooding, and three nitrogen levels (85kg/hm2, 110kg/hm2 and 135kg/hm2) and six treatments. At the same time, by using the method of 15N tracer in situ in the field plot, the basal, tillering and panicle nitrogen fertilizers were labeled and treated with a total of 18 parts. The residue of fertilizer nitrogen in paddy soil after rice harvest was studied, and the distribution of fertilizer nitrogen in 0~60cm soil in paddy field was investigated. The results showed that the residual rate of basal nitrogen in paddy soil was 29.7%~32.7% under different nitrogen levels, and the residue rate of tillering fertilizer was 54.9%~57.3%, and the residue rate of panicle was 29.4%~35.4%; the total residue rate of fertilizer nitrogen in soil was 36.4%~37.1%, the residual rate of the fertilizer nitrogen in the soil was higher than that of the conventional flooding irrigation under the same nitrogen application. There were significant differences in the residues of fertilizer nitrogen in the same depth soil under different irrigation modes. Under different nitrogen application conditions, the residue in rice paddy soil (0~20cm) was higher than that in the normal flooded irrigation mode during the growth period of paddy field. The residual amount of 20~40cm and 40~60cm soil was lower than that of conventional flooded irrigation. Compared with the conventional flooding irrigation, the rice irrigated model can improve the residue of fertilizer nitrogen in root soil (0~20cm), and reduce the loss of fertilizer nitrogen, and the residual fertilizer nitrogen can supplement the soil nitrogen reservoir in the black soil area to some extent. It was beneficial to soil protection and fertility improvement of paddy field in black soil area. The correlation analysis showed that the total residue of fertilizer nitrogen in soil was positively correlated with the residue of fertilizer nitrogen in soil, and the residue of basal and spike fertilizer was significantly positive. The research results provided a reference for the formulation of suitable water and nitrogen regulation model in the black soil region, effectively managed and made full use of residual nitrogen fertilizer, and improved the paddy field ecological environment in black soil area.

Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agriculture Machinery (CSAM), in charged of China Association for Science and Technology (CAST), sponsored by CSAM and Chinese Academy of Agricultural Mechanization Science(CAAMS), started publication in 1957. It is the earliest interdisciplinary journal in Chinese which combines agricultural and engineering. It always closely grasps the development direction of agriculture engineering disciplines and the published papers represent the highest academic level of agriculture engineering in China. Currently, nearly 8,000 papers have been already published. There are around 3,000 papers contributed to the journal each year, but only around 600 of them will be accepted. Transactions of CSAM focuses on a wide range of agricultural machinery, irrigation, electronics, robotics, agro-products engineering, biological energy, agricultural structures and environment and more. Subjects in Transactions of the CSAM have been embodied by many internationally well-known index systems, such as: EI Compendex, CA, CSA, etc.

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