The magnetorheological damper (MR damper) is a kind of vibration control device with excellent performance, which is used in construction machinery, vehicle, bridge and other fields widely. The MR damper is a complex system of multi field coupling at work, expressing accurately its mechanical properties with mathematical analytical equations is very difficult. In order to accurately predict the dynamic performance of the MR damper under temperature effect, a parameterized simulation modeling method was proposed. A nonlinear physical parameter equation related to the viscosity temperature characteristics was established by using the measured data fitting method of the magnetorheological fluid test. Based on the Bingham mechanical model and the influence analysis of temperature effect, the ANSYS UDF programs were compiled, the model parameters were set up, and the parametric simulation modeling was carried out. The viscous damping forces were solved by using the Fluent module, and the coulomb damping forces were solved by using Emag module. A mechanical testing platform for MR dampers under temperature effect was built, and the simulation models were modified, compared and verified through experiments, and the variation laws of damping force and energy dissipation at different temperatures were discussed. The results showed that the temperature effect mainly affected the viscous damping force; the simulation results were highly consistent with the measured values. The energy dissipation of dampers at different temperatures and currents was inversely proportional to the temperature and proportional to the coulomb damping force. The simulation modeling method can predict the characteristics of the output damping force, and can be used to carry out the structure design and parameter optimization of the MR damper.