大垄玉米原茬地免耕播种机防堵装置设计与优化试验
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公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201303011)和现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金项目(GARS-04)


Design and Optimization Experiment of Anti-blocking Mechanism of No-tillage Planter for Grand Ridge with Raw Corn Stubble
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    摘要:

    为解决北方寒区玉米机收秸秆粉碎覆盖大垄原茬地免耕播种时易发生堵塞及地温回升较慢的问题,设计了一种大垄玉米原茬地免耕播种机的防堵装置。通过理论分析,设计了防堵装置关键部件,初步得到了该装置的结构和作业参数。应用三因素三水平正交试验方法和模糊综合评价分析法,以机组作业速度、清秸刀齿总成转速、清秸刀齿总成回转轴垂直面与机具前进方向的夹角为试验因素,以根茬清除率、秸秆清除率、防堵装置当量功耗为评价指标,对影响防堵装置性能的结构与作业参数进行了试验与优化研究。结果表明:在试验条件和试验因素水平范围内,影响多目标函数的参数优化组合为机组作业速度5.4km/h、清秸刀齿总成转速440r/min、清秸刀齿总成回转轴垂直面与机具前进方向的夹角20°,此时,根茬清除率为93.94%,秸秆清除率为95.39%,防堵装置当量功耗为4.36kW,土壤扰动量为31.9%。

    Abstract:

    For the blocking circumstance in the no-tillage planting operation for grand ridge with crushed raw corn stubble produced by corn harvester in north cold area and slower recovery of ground temperature after planting operation. In order to solve these problems above, an anti-blocking mechanism of no-tillage planter for grand ridge with raw corn stubble was designed. Corn stubble was positioned on the seeding belt, which was continuously struck by the force of cleaning rotating blade on the anti-blocking mechanism. So that the corn stubble reached furrow between adjacent grand ridges, the clean seeding belt on grand ridge was produced for guaranteeing the operation quality of ditch-opening, seeding, soil-covering and compacting. Through theoretical analysis, the key parts of anti-blocking mechanism were designed, and then structure and operation parameters of the mechanism were determined. Orthogonal experiment design of three factors and three levels and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method were employed for finding the optimal parameter combination of anti-blocking mechanism. Meanwhile, the working speed of equipment, the rotation speed of cleaning blade assembly, the angle between direction of opretion speed and vertical plane rotation axis of cleaning blade assembly were selected as factors. Stubble-cleaning rate, straw-cleaning rate and equivalent power dissipation of anti-blocking mechanism were selected as indexes. The result showed that the working speed of equipment had very significant effect on stubble-cleaning rate. The rotation speed of cleaning blade assembly and the angle between direction of opretion speed and vertical plane rotation axis of cleaning blade assembly had significant effect on the stubble-cleaning rate;the rotation speed of cleaning blade assembly had very significant effect on the straw-cleaning rate. The working speed of equipment, the angle between direction of opretion speed and vertical plane rotation axis of cleaning blade assembly had significant effect on the straw-cleaning rate. The working speed of equipment and the rotation speed of cleaning blade assembly had very significant effect on the equivalent power dissipation of antiblocking mechanism. Within the range of experimental conditions and experiment factors, the optimal combination result of parameters that influencing multi-objective function showed that when the working speed of equipment was 5.4km/h and the rotation speed of cleaning blade assembly was 440r/min, the angle between direction of opretion speed and vertical plane rotation axis of cleaning blade assembly was 20°, the obtained indexes were as follows: the stubblecleaning rate was 93.94%, the strawcleaning rate was 95.39%, the equivalent power dissipation of antiblocking mechanism was 4.36kW, the soil disturbance was 31.9%. The result can provide references for design of no-tillage planter for grand ridge with crushed raw corn stubble produced by corn harvester in north cold area.

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陈海涛,侯磊,侯守印,李煜,闵诗尧,柴誉铎.大垄玉米原茬地免耕播种机防堵装置设计与优化试验[J].农业机械学报,2018,49(8):59-67. CHEN Haitao, HOU Lei, HOU Shouyin, LI Yu, MIN Shiyao, CHAI Yuduo. Design and Optimization Experiment of Anti-blocking Mechanism of No-tillage Planter for Grand Ridge with Raw Corn Stubble[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2018,49(8):59-67

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  • 收稿日期:2018-02-13
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  • 在线发布日期: 2018-08-10
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