发酵秸秆碎料内乙醇平面热源法提取及其设备设计
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国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFC0210303、2016YFB0601305)


Extraction and Equipment Design of Ethanol Separation from Solid-state Fermented Crushed Straw Material by Planar Thermal Source
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    摘要:

    为降低固态发酵后秸秆碎料料内乙醇提取能耗,用平面热源进行乙醇提取并设计相应设备,进行初步计算。基于热重试验,研究了固态发酵后的甜高粱秆粉碎料中乙醇的蒸馏规律。考虑料含湿量、湿分乙醇体积分数、加热温度对料中湿分质量变化速率的影响,得出在研究范围内(含湿量10%~90%,湿分乙醇体积分数3%~11%,加热温度20~100℃)料中湿分质量变化速率与乙醇体积分数关系不大,随料含湿量呈线性关系,随加热温度呈幂函数关系,并得出回归模型。基于乙醇挥发数据,得出乙醇挥发数学模型。基于以上两模型,推导出平面热源提取乙醇的乙醇提取率方程,根据加热温度、料含湿量和湿分乙醇体积分数,便可计算任意时刻的乙醇提取率。建立成本模型并进行成本分析发现,该提取方法成本显著低于原有蒸汽提醇法。最后设计了一套采用平面热源连续提取发酵料内乙醇的生产装置,给出其设计计算式,进行了初步设计,得到一套示例性质的工业级设备方案。

    Abstract:

    Annual production of straw is 600~800 million tons in China. The advanced solidstate fermentation technology (ASSF) and solidstate fermented crushed straw material had been developed to acquire ethanol and increase the economical utilization level of straw. However, the high cost of ethanol separation from fermented material is the biggest problem unsolved. Planar thermal source (PTS) was used to separate ethanol from solidstate fermented crushed straw material (SSFM) instead of water steam. In order to facilitate the study, fermented material and dry material uniformly added with ethanol solution were heated on thermal balance under the same environmental condition. The mass, wet content, ethanol concentration in wet of control group and test group were the same. The mass loss curve of them was familiar. As a result, from the macro view, dry material uniformly added with ethanol solution (called prepared material) can be used on study instead of fermented material, which made it easier to study quantitatively. Complete thermogravimetric test was done on prepared material to study the material wet change rules. Factors considered were heating temperature T(20~100℃), wet content θ (10%~90%), ethanol concentration in wet ω (3%~11%). The weight order of factors on material wet change speed Vloss,e in descending trend was T, θ and ω, and ω can be ignored for that was an order of magnitude less important than the other factors. Vloss,e was linearly increased with the increase of T, and increased by power function with the increase of θ. Vloss,e model with T and θ was regressed. As there was no chemically combined water in prepared material, heating material can be considered as heating ethanol solution in materialshaped electric heating device. According to multi data, equations for ethanol solution evaporation coefficient K were derived. Above all, model of ethanol separation from SSFM by PTS was derived. The cost model was added at last. Software was programmed to calculate the separation process and its cost. The result showed that the cost of PTS method was obviously lower than that of the current water steam method. The new method would significantly promote the ASSF technology to produce renewable energy. The study can also be used as reference on drying process of other crushed plant material. In the end, a set of production equipment for continuous ethanol separation from fermented material by PTS was given. The design formulas were given and a sample set of industrial level equipment was calculated.

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周敬之,冯俊小.发酵秸秆碎料内乙醇平面热源法提取及其设备设计[J].农业机械学报,2018,49(5):330-341.

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  • 收稿日期:2017-11-02
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  • 在线发布日期: 2018-05-10
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