The cucumber of solar greenhouse was used to study the effect of sorghum green manure on cucumber growth, nutrient content and bacterial community of rhizosphere soil. In the test, treatments were amount of 240kg/hm2, 120kg/hm2 and 60kg/hm2 of sorghum seeds which were respectively planted into the soil of greenhouse before planting cucumber. When the cucumber was planted, the green manure was cut into the soil to study on the change rule of cucumber growth, nutrient content, bacterial community of rhizosphere soil, and the regulated mechanism between these factors under the condition of sorghum green manure. The study showed that the effect of 240kg/hm2 of sorghum green manure was better than those of other treatments, which significantly and respectively improved organic matter content by 31.66%, resolution N content by 8.75%, available P content by 13.89%, available K content by 16.86% and urease activity by 6.85% of rhizosphere soil, and increased stem diameter by 12.83%, root number by 15.81%, total root volume by 24.11%, total leaf area by 11.43%, fruit number per plant by 10.97% and total yield by 9.81% of cucumber. The study also showed that the treatment of 240kg/hm2 increased the proportions of Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria and Firmicutes, but reduced the proportions of Acidobacteria and Chloroflexi, and improved the proportions of Sphingomonadaceae, Xanthomonadaceae, Rhodospirillaceae, Sinobacteraceae and Hyphomicrobiaceae, but decreased the proportions of Gp6, Gp16 and Gp4. The treatment of 240kg/hm2 promoted urease activity by decreasing the proportion of Chloroflexi and improving the proportions of Sphingomonadaceae and Sinobacteraceae of rhizosphere soil, and the treatment increased content of resolution N and available P, stem diameter, total leaf area, root coefficient and total root volume by improving the proportions of Firmicutes, Xanthomonadaceae and Rhodospirillaceae and decreasing the proportion of Acidobacteria. The cucumber growth and yield were promoted ultimately through these ways as above.