条带式旋切后抛防堵装置设计与试验
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现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金项目(CARS-03)、公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201503136)和教育部创新团队发展计划项目(IRT13039)


Design and Experiment of Strip Rotary-cut-throw Anti-blocking Implement
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    摘要:

    针对我国华北平原一年两熟区玉米秸秆覆盖地小麦少免耕播种机易堵塞、动力防堵装置功耗大等问题,设计了一种条带式旋切后抛防堵装置。结合防堵装置工作原理,从秸秆流动、抛撒、防堵装置受力角度分析确定影响防堵性能和功耗的关键因素为:防堵装置与开沟器间距、旋切刀滑切角、刀轴转速;通过离散元模拟仿真与正交试验有限元仿真结合,以秸秆拥堵量和作业功耗为性能评价指标,对防堵单体和开沟器的组合装置进行参数优化,仿真结果表明,旋切刀滑切角为50°、刀轴转速为320r/min、间距为100mm时综合作业质量较优,防堵单体及开沟器功耗为2.8kW,秸秆拥堵量为43根/dm,通过性能良好;对优选方案旋切刀进行有限元校核,其最大应力为1.387×108Pa,满足强度要求。在玉米秸秆覆盖地进行了小麦播种田间试验,结果表明,条带式旋切后抛防堵装置在3种秸秆覆盖量0.8、1.6、2.4kg/m2和3种前进速度1、1.25、1.5m/s作业条件下,通过性能均满足免耕施肥播种机国标要求,所设计旋切刀与传统旋耕刀相比,在通过性能基本一致的情况下,功耗减小13.83%,土壤扰动量减小37.5个百分点,沟深稳定性系数提高8.2个百分点。

    Abstract:

    According to the existing problems of no and minimum-till wheat seeding in maize straw covered field in double-cropping system area in North-China Plain, such as residue blockage, high power consumption, a strip rotary-cut-throw anti-blocking implement was developed. Integrated with the principle of anti-blocking implement, the distance L between opener and the anti-blocking implement, sliding-cutting angle τ of the plane-straight blade and rotary speed n were found to be the key parameters which affected anti-blocking performance and power consumption through analysis in terms of residue flow/throwing and mechanical analysis of the implement. Orthogonal experiment was conducted by DEM simulation to optimize the parameters of the implement and analyze the key parameters’ effect on residue blockage and power consumption, the result showed that when the distance was 100mm, cutting edge was 50°, rotate speed was 320r/min, which were optimum parameters set among the trail points, power consumption of the strip rotary-cut-throw anti-blocking implement and the opener was 2.8kW, blocked straw number was 43 in one dm and it could not cause blockage, and then strength check was conducted for this optimum blade by using finite element method and the maximum stress was 1.387×108Pa of which was safe. Field experiment of wheat seeding was conducted on a no-till maize straw covered field, the result showed that strip cut-throw plane-straight blade anti-blocking implement could effectively solve the problem of blockage almost as good as traditional rotary blade under straw coverage of 0.8 kg/m2, 1.6kg/m2 and 2.4kg/m2 at travel speed of 1m/s, 1.25m/s and 1.5m/s, which satisfied the requirements of national standard of no-till fertilization seeder. Compared with strip-rotary implement, power consumption was reduced by 13.83%, soil disturbance was reduced by 37.5 percent points and furrow depth stability was improved by 8.2 percent points. The error of DEM simulation to field experiment in furrow width and depth was 14% and 1.3%, which was tolerable, and the simulation could be referenced to the optimization of strip rotary-cut-throw anti-blocking implement.

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赵宏波,何进,李洪文,刘春鸽,郑侃,章志强.条带式旋切后抛防堵装置设计与试验[J].农业机械学报,2018,49(5):65-75.

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  • 收稿日期:2017-07-31
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  • 在线发布日期: 2018-05-10
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