Freezing-thawing effect is the main inducement for the damage of channel in cold region, and the different forms of damage caused by it have seriously restricted the grain production. To explore the influence of freeze-thaw on physical and mechanical properties of saturated silty clay, after 0~11 cycles for saturated soil in the low temperature environment simulation test chamber, indoor geotechnical engineering test was applied, and grey correlation degree was used to analyze the interaction effect of soil properties and the following conclusions were drawn: with the increase of freeze-thaw cycle times, the cohesive force of saturated soil was decreased gradually with the form of single exponential function and the internal friction angle was increased gradually. The effect of freeze-thaw on cohesion was obviously attenuated after initial freezing and thawing. With the increase of freezing and thawing cycles, the damage coefficient Kφ was in a logarithmic function form change and the KC was in an exponential function form change. The coefficient of thermal conductivity and average dry density was negatively correlated with freeze-thaw cycle times, whereas the average porosity rate and permeability coefficient were positively correlated with freeze-thaw cycle times. Compared with the freeze-thaw action, the average porosity rate had a greater influence on the cohesion force, thermal conductivity, average dry density and permeability coefficient. For a single specimen, the influence of physical properties on the change of mechanical properties was in a descending order of average porosity, average dry density, permeability coefficient and thermal conductivity.