Aerobic deterioration of bale silage due to puncturing plastic cover by accident or feeding animals results in the nutrition and energy losses. The invasive oxygen that activates the aerobic microorganism to consume nutrition in silage, producing heat that raises the silage temperature, is a key factor being in charge of aerobic deterioration of silage. However, thus far, the in-situ sensing and modeling the dynamics of oxygen diffusion and temperature rising in bale silage has seldom been reported. For this, a Clark-electrode-based dissolved oxygen sensor was applied for in-situ measurement of oxygen concentration and temperature in bale silage. Based on the measurement data, a mathematical model coupling two-dimensional oxygen diffusion, microorganism growth and temperature rising was presented and validated. The tested grass silage was baled by using a baler from CLAAS company (Baler type: Rollant455) with two levels of dry matter contents (DM-1：39.0%±1.3%;DM-2：31.4%±2.1%). Each level had three replications. The results showed that the model simulations generally agreed with the in-situ measurements. The uncertainties between measurement and simulation were mainly due to the heterogeneity of silage density distribution. Moreover, a great quantity of water produced during aerobic deterioration changed the parameters in model such as decline of the diffusion rate of oxygen, increase of the heat capacity, resulting in lower predicting accuracy. Thus, the heterogeneity of silage density distribution and water-induced parameter variation should be included in proposed model for achieving higher predicting accuracy.