魏永霞,张翼鹏,张雨凤,王睿垠,马瑛瑛,张奕.黑土坡耕地连续施加生物炭的土壤改良和节水增产效应[J].农业机械学报,2018,49(2):284-291,312.
WEI Yongxia,ZHANG Yipeng,ZHANG Yufeng,WANG Ruiyin,MA Yingying,ZHANG Yi.Influences of Two Consecutive Years Supply of Biochar on Soil Improvement, Water Saving and Yield Increasing in Sloping Farmland of Black Soil Region[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2018,49(2):284-291,312.
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黑土坡耕地连续施加生物炭的土壤改良和节水增产效应   [下载全文]
Influences of Two Consecutive Years Supply of Biochar on Soil Improvement, Water Saving and Yield Increasing in Sloping Farmland of Black Soil Region   [Download Pdf][in English]
投稿时间:2017-06-09  
DOI:10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2018.02.036
中文关键词:  生物炭  土壤三相比  径流系数  雨水蓄积量  大豆水分利用效率
基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目(51479033)、国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFC0400101)和黑龙江省博士后基金项目(LBH-Z17017)
作者单位
魏永霞 东北农业大学 
张翼鹏 东北农业大学 
张雨凤 东北农业大学 
王睿垠 东北农业大学 
马瑛瑛 东北农业大学 
张奕 东北农业大学 
中文摘要:东北黑土区土壤肥沃、性状优良、适宜作物生长,然而大面积坡耕地的水土流失问题严重威胁着区域生态环境和国家粮食安全。为探明施加生物炭对该区域坡耕地的节水增产效应,以及最优施加量与施加年限,基于田间径流小区进行为期两年的观测试验。2015年,试验根据生物炭施加量设置为C0(0t/hm2)、C25(25t/hm2)、C50(50t/hm2)、C75(75t/hm2)和C100(100t/hm2)5个处理;2016年,各处理分别连续施加等量生物炭。试验结果表明:施加两年生物炭均降低了土壤容重、提高了孔隙度和有机碳密度,且随施加量的增加效果越显著;2015年实测田间持水量随生物炭施加量呈上升的趋势,2016年则呈先升后降的趋势,上升至C50处理达到最佳;2016年C50处理土壤三相比较合理,广义土壤结构指数(GSSI)高于其他处理;连续两年施加生物炭均减少了3°坡耕地的年径流量,各年份年径流系数降低最多的分别为C75(15.44%)和C50(17.27%)处理。适量生物炭也可增加单次降雨后雨水蓄积量和其随时间下降的速率和幅度;2015年和2016年大豆产量最高的处理分别是C75和C50,增产率分别为27.16%和28.17%。比较2015年和2016年试验结果,连续两年施加50t/hm2生物炭时,大豆水分利用效率较对照处理增幅最高,为27.67%,节水增产效果最佳。
WEI Yongxia  ZHANG Yipeng  ZHANG Yufeng  WANG Ruiyin  MA Yingying  ZHANG Yi
Northeast Agricultural University,Northeast Agricultural University,Northeast Agricultural University,Northeast Agricultural University,Northeast Agricultural University and Northeast Agricultural University
Key Words:biochar  soil three-phase ratio  runoff coefficient  rainwater accumulation  water use efficiency of soybean
Abstract:The black soil region in Northeast China is rich in soil fertility, good in soil properties, and suitable for crop growth. However, the problem of soil erosion in sloping farmland seriously threatened the regional ecological environment and national food security. To discover the influences of the optimal amount and duration of biochar supply on water saving and yield increasing in slopping farmland of the region, the two years experiments were conducted based on runoff plot in 2015 and 2016. Five treatments were set according to different amounts of biochar, which were 0t/hm2(C0), 25t/hm2(C25), 50t/hm2(C50), 75t/hm2(C75) and 100t/hm2(C100), and the same amount of biochar for each treatment was supplied continuously in the next year. The results showed that biochar made the soil bulk density decreased, and the soil porosity and organic carbon density were increased sharply with the increase of biochar in two years. The field capacity was increased with the increase of biochar in 2015 while which was first increased and then decreased in 2016, and the best one was the treatment of C50. At the same time, the three-phase and generalized soil structure index (GSSI) were the most reasonable in C50 compared with others. The annual runoff in three degrees sloping farmland both were decreased in the two experiment years, and the annual runoff coefficient was decreased most, which was in the treatment of C75 (by 15.44%) in 2015 and C50 (by 17.27%) in 2016. The addition of biochar also could increase the soil water accumulation amount and decrease the rate and magnitude with time after rainfall. The highest yield of soybean was respectively C75 (27.16%) in 2015 and C50 (28.17%) in 2016. Compared the results in 2015 and 2016, the water use efficiency of soybean was increased by 27.67% with 50t/hm2 biochar supply for two years compared with the control treatment, and the effect of water saving and yield increasing of the treatment was the best one.

Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agriculture Machinery (CSAM), in charged of China Association for Science and Technology (CAST), sponsored by CSAM and Chinese Academy of Agricultural Mechanization Science(CAAMS), started publication in 1957. It is the earliest interdisciplinary journal in Chinese which combines agricultural and engineering. It always closely grasps the development direction of agriculture engineering disciplines and the published papers represent the highest academic level of agriculture engineering in China. Currently, nearly 8,000 papers have been already published. There are around 3,000 papers contributed to the journal each year, but only around 600 of them will be accepted. Transactions of CSAM focuses on a wide range of agricultural machinery, irrigation, electronics, robotics, agro-products engineering, biological energy, agricultural structures and environment and more. Subjects in Transactions of the CSAM have been embodied by many internationally well-known index systems, such as: EI Compendex, CA, CSA, etc.

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