基于无人机影像匹配点云的苗圃单木冠层三维分割
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国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFB0504202)和福建省科技计划重点项目(2015H0015)


3D Segmentation of Individual Tree Canopy in Forest Nursery Based on Drone Image-matching Point Cloud
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    摘要:

    近年来较多的树冠提取算法以激光雷达数据为基础,然而激光点云数据量大、冗余多而且采集成本高。本文基于无人机影像匹配点云提取单木树冠轮廓,研究一种成本可控、能够补充甚至部分替代激光雷达的小范围森林制图方案。以福建省三明市某林场内苗圃地作为研究对象,在稠密的无人机影像匹配点云中截取2个25m×25m的样地作为测试样本。预处理后,首先构建植被冠层高度模型,以局部最大值法探测树冠位置并标记为种子点;从这些种子点形成的初始区域开始生长,迭代计算直到全部的影像匹配点云归并完毕;最后,将算法提取的树冠轮廓导入ArcGIS中获取树冠轮廓矢量边界,并与手绘参考树冠叠加,利用F测度实现精度的评定。依此方案,在2个林分范围内的树冠提取F测度均达到了89%以上,单木冠幅提取的误差在0.14m以内。结果表明,该方案简单有效、精度可靠,适用于小范围、高精度的植被制图。

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    Over the last decade point cloud derived from laser scanner has become the mainstream of the individual tree canopy extraction research. However, the high cost of airborne laser scanning acquisition makes it unsuitable for repeated surveys and small-scale forest mappings. Individual tree canopy was extracted from unmanned aerial vehicle images matching point cloud, aiming to provide a cost-effective method which can complement or even partly replace LiDAR forest mapping in small area. Choosing young Osmanthus and Podocarpus trees growing in a nursery as the study objects, the method was tested in two samples of images matching point cloud. An inexpensive commercial off-the-shelter drone with built-in camera was used to acquire overlapping nadir-viewing images. These images were then used to generate dense point cloud in photogrammetry software. After preprocessing, canopy height model was firstly built from the point cloud;a local maximum filter was applied to detect the canopy positions and marked as the seed points;then the initial area of regional growth can be formed from these seeds;in an iterative calculation process of all image matching points were classified. The canopy contours extracted by the algorithm were inputted into ArcGIS to obtain canopy contour vectors, and were validated by comparing with the manually drawn individual tree crown polygon (reference crown). The F score of segmentation results was higher than 89%, and the errors of individual tree crown diameter extraction results were less than 0.14m (root mean square error) in both sample plots.

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陈崇成,李旭,黄洪宇.基于无人机影像匹配点云的苗圃单木冠层三维分割[J].农业机械学报,2018,49(2):149-155,206.

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  • 收稿日期:2017-11-06
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  • 在线发布日期: 2018-02-10
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