The pyrolysis characteristics of fermentation residue of corn stover was analyzed. The pyrolysis kinetics were studied with FWO and Starink methods. The most probable mechanism function of pyrolysis also was evaluated by Malek method. The effect of anaerobic digestion on corn stover was deduced by comparing with the untreated corn stover. The results of proximate and ultimate analysis showed that the volatile content of fermentation residue was decreased by 19.48% compared with the untreated corn stover and the fixed carbon content was increased by 27.87%. The oxygen content was decreased by 24.25%, which was an advantage for pyrolysis. The analysis of lignocellulose illustrated that cellulose and hemicellulose were decreased by 39.94% and 30.96%, respectively, while the lignin was increased by 109.14%, which contributed to the maximum weight loss rate of fermentation residue decreasing and the carbon yield was much higher after pyrolysis. The results of pyrolysis kinetics showed the activation energy of fermentation residue was 91~130kJ/mol，which was lower than that of corn stover. The mechanism function curve of two samples had similar trends, which can be divided into two parts. When the conversion ratio (α) was less than 0.6, they can be illustrated by order of reaction (n=2) mechanism model. When the conversion ratio (α) was more than 0.6, the pyrolysis of corn stover was in accord with the cylindrical symmetric three-dimensional diffusion mechanism (D4), while fermentation residue was more inclined to the spherical symmetric three-dimensional diffusion mechanism (D3). The research result can provide a theoretical basis for optimization of process conditions and industrial application of fermentation residue turning to bio-fuel.