Estimating heavy metal bioavailability, mobility and transfer is important to environmental and food safety. A greenhouse study was conducted by using Brassica chinensis to investigate the movement of chromium (Cr) from soil to plants and predict the main factors influencing Cr bioavailability. The result showed that soil organic carbon (OC) content, pH value and total Cr content had a significant impact on Cr uptake. The plant Cr contents were positively correlated to total soil Cr contents and negatively correlated to soil OC and pH value. Stepwise multiple linear regression (SMLR) (pH value, OC and total soil Cr contents) relationships (R2 was 0.927) could more accurately estimate Cr bioavailability relative to single-factor (total soil Cr contents) equations (R2 was 0.861). The maximum bioconcentration factor (BCF) was measured in acidic soils. The most accurate Freundlich equation for estimating Cr bioavailability was developed by using data from combined CK, Cr1 and Cr2 treatments (R2was 0.927, RMSE was 0.12, n was 45) compared with the Freundlich equation developed by using the date CK treatment alone (R2was 0.572, RMSE was 0.25, n was 15) and using data from only combined Cr1 and Cr2 treatments (R2 was 0.745, RMSE was 0.17, n was 30). The results can be used to predict Cr transfer from soil to plant systems.