AMR (antibiotic mycelial residue) added to animal feed easily leads to drug resistance influencing human health and environment. However, there is a lack of effective detection methods, especially fast and convenient detection technology, to distinguish AMR from animal feed. In order to search effective detection methods, qualitative discriminant analysis of soybean meal and antibiotic residue was made at first. The feasibility of near infrared micro-imaging for the identification of soybean meal and antibiotic mycelial residues was explored. Three soybean meal samples and three kinds of antibiotic mycelial residues were used to collect the near-infrared microscopic images of the samples by Fourier transform near-infrared microscopy. The near-infrared microscopic images collected were reconstructed and the spectra of all the samples were pretreated. The Duplex algorithm was employed to screen the representative spectra from pretreatment spectra of different samples to establish spectral library of soybean meal and antibiotic mycelial residues. Different discriminant models of soybean meal and different kinds of antibiotic mycelial residues were built by using different pretreatment methods combined with PLS-DA（partial least squares discriminant analysis）and SVM-DA (support vector machine discriminant analysis). The results showed that two kinds of modeling methods based on near-infrared micro-imaging spectroscopy were effective in the identification of three kinds of antibiotic mycelial residues and soybean meal samples, and the correctness rate was above 99.4%. The first-order derivative + SNV preprocessing method was better than that without preprocessing, the first derivative and the second derivative. SVM-DA model was superior to PLS-DA, and SVM-DA in feature extraction method was better than PCA (principal component analysis). The results presented indicated that the near infrared microscopic imaging technique can be used to qualitatively distinguish antibiotic mycelial residue from soybean meal, and it also provided theoretical basis for further research.