冯东溥,魏晓妹,降亚楠.宝鸡峡灌区小麦水足迹时空变化特征与归因分析[J].农业机械学报,2017,48(12):269-277.
FENG Dongpu,WEI Xiaomei,JIANG Ya’nan.Temporal and Spatial Variation Characteristics and Attribution Analysis of Wheat Water Footprint in Baojixia Irrigation Area, China[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2017,48(12):269-277.
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宝鸡峡灌区小麦水足迹时空变化特征与归因分析   [下载全文]
Temporal and Spatial Variation Characteristics and Attribution Analysis of Wheat Water Footprint in Baojixia Irrigation Area, China   [Download Pdf][in English]
投稿时间:2017-08-03  
DOI:10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2017.12.032
中文关键词:  小麦水足迹  时空变化  对数平均迪氏指数分解法  耗水量  宝鸡峡灌区
基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目(51409219)、水利部公益性行业科研专项(201301016)、陕西水利科技计划项目(2011-07)、中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目(2014YBO51)和西北农林科技大学博士科研启动经费项目(2013BSJJ099)
作者单位
冯东溥 西北农林科技大学 
魏晓妹 西北农林科技大学 
降亚楠 西北农林科技大学 
中文摘要:基于水足迹理论,计算了实际耗水和施肥情况下宝鸡峡灌区小麦水足迹的各项指标,分析了小麦水足迹各指标的时空变化特征,利用对数平均迪氏指数分解法推导了总水足迹变化量分解公式,细致定量了气候变化和人类活动因子对总水足迹变化的贡献。结果表明:灌区小麦总水足迹1994—2010年均值为6.73亿m3,Mann-Kendall检验呈显著下降趋势,年均变幅为-0.17亿m3/a,水足迹结构由蓝水主导演变为灰水主导。单位产量的小麦生产水足迹、生产绿水、蓝水和灰水足迹多年平均值分别为1.04、0.36、0.32、0.37m3/kg。生产水足迹、生产绿水和蓝水足迹在灌区内从西向东呈递增趋势,生产灰水足迹以兴平为中心向两侧递增。归因分析表明,影响灌区小麦总水足迹变化的主导因子为人类活动,其贡献率和为-113.57%,而气候变化因子的贡献率仅为13.57%。人类活动因子中,贡献率从大到小依次为灌溉定额(-56.58%)、总种植面积(-55.78%)、小麦种植比例(-43.76%)、单位面积施氮量(39.96%)、灌溉水有效利用系数(2.59%)。
FENG Dongpu  WEI Xiaomei  JIANG Ya’nan
Northwest A&F University,Northwest A&F University and Northwest A&F University
Key Words:wheat water footprint  temporal and spatial variations  logarithmic mean Divisia index method  water consumption  Baojixia Irrigation Area
Abstract:Irrigation areas, as the major wheat producers in China, are facing water resources and environment problems which were led by huge water and fertilizer consumption in wheat production. To comprehensively assess these issues, the total water footprint (WFT) of wheat and production water footprint (WF) for per unit mass of wheat were calculated based on monthly meteorological and agricultural data from the Baojixia Irrigation Area (BIA) during the period of 1994—2010. Mann-Kendall trend test and the GIS based inverse distance weighted spatial interpolation were applied to analyze the temporal and spatial variations of wheat water footprint indices. Furthermore, the logarithmic mean Divisia index decomposition (LMDI) method was employed to quantify the contributions of driving factors for changes in WFT. The result showed that the average values of wheat WFT and WF were 673 million m3 and 1.04m3/kg, while the green, blue and grey components accounted for 34.51%, 30.16% and 35.33%, respectively. The WFT and WF of wheat were declined significantly with slops of -17 million m3/a and -0.02m3/(kg·a), respectively. The averages of WF and its green and blue components (1994—2010) rose gradually from southeast to northwest in BIA, however, the grey production water footprint was increased from center of the BIA to both sides. By LMDI method, the WFT in BIA was highly depended on human activities (-113.57%) rather than climate change (13.57%). The driving factors in order of importance were irrigation quota (-56.58%), total plant area (-55.78%), rate of wheat plant area (-43.76%), nitrogen fertilizer per hectare (39.96%), climate change (13.48%) and irrigation water utilization coefficient (2.59%). Excessive fertilization was common in BIA, which caused serious water pollution and huge amount of grey consumption. Meanwhile, the low irrigation water utilization coefficient in BIA led to more water wasted in conveyance. Based on the research, the practical suggestions for improving WFT and WF were fertilizer reduction and construction for high irrigation water utilization coefficient.

Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agriculture Machinery (CSAM), in charged of China Association for Science and Technology (CAST), sponsored by CSAM and Chinese Academy of Agricultural Mechanization Science(CAAMS), started publication in 1957. It is the earliest interdisciplinary journal in Chinese which combines agricultural and engineering. It always closely grasps the development direction of agriculture engineering disciplines and the published papers represent the highest academic level of agriculture engineering in China. Currently, nearly 8,000 papers have been already published. There are around 3,000 papers contributed to the journal each year, but only around 600 of them will be accepted. Transactions of CSAM focuses on a wide range of agricultural machinery, irrigation, electronics, robotics, agro-products engineering, biological energy, agricultural structures and environment and more. Subjects in Transactions of the CSAM have been embodied by many internationally well-known index systems, such as: EI Compendex, CA, CSA, etc.

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