陈正发,史东梅,何伟,夏建荣,金慧芳,娄义宝.云南省降雨侵蚀力时空分布与演变趋势研究[J].农业机械学报,2017,48(10):209-219.
CHEN Zhengfa,SHI Dongmei,HE Wei,XIA Jianrong,JIN Huifang,LOU Yibao.Spatial-temporal Distribution and Trend of Rainfall Erosivity in Yunnan Province[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2017,48(10):209-219.
摘要点击次数: 1890
全文下载次数: 953
云南省降雨侵蚀力时空分布与演变趋势研究   [下载全文]
Spatial-temporal Distribution and Trend of Rainfall Erosivity in Yunnan Province   [Download Pdf][in English]
投稿时间:2017-06-05  
DOI:10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2017.10.026
中文关键词:  降雨侵蚀力  时空分布  土壤侵蚀  侵蚀危害性评价  云南
基金项目:公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201503119-01-01)
作者单位
陈正发 西南大学
中国电建集团昆明勘测设计研究院有限公司 
史东梅 西南大学 
何伟 中国电建集团昆明勘测设计研究院有限公司 
夏建荣 中国电建集团昆明勘测设计研究院有限公司 
金慧芳 西南大学 
娄义宝 西南大学 
中文摘要:由于生态环境演变及人类活动的影响,云南地区生态环境极度脆弱,土壤侵蚀强度大,侵蚀程度严重。降雨侵蚀力(R)是采用USLE/RUSLE模型进行土壤侵蚀评估的重要参数,但目前针对云南地区R值的计算模型及适宜性方面的研究较少。本研究采用昆明气象站1951—2010年共60a逐日降雨数据,对中国南方地区常用的5种R计算模型在云南地区的适宜性进行分析,筛选出适宜云南地区的R计算模型,并基于均匀分布于云南省的36个国家基本气象站1951—2012年降雨观测数据,分析云南省降雨侵蚀力时空分布与演变特征。研究表明: 在5种降雨侵蚀力计算模型中,模型B具有较好的稳定性,且有效系数(Ef)最大,相对偏差系数(Er)最小,在云南地区有较好的适宜性。云南地区多年平均降雨量为1106.84mm,7个分区多年平均降雨量分布在745.83~1533.33mm之间,不同地区降雨量分布不均匀,季节分布集中在夏季,降雨空间分布呈现出自西南向东北递减的趋势。云南地区多年平均R为2719.31MJ·mm/(hm2·h),7个分区多年平均R分布在1837.23~3949.12MJ·mm/(hm2·h)之间,季节分布集中在夏季,空间分布也表现出自西南向东北递减的趋势。7个分区降雨侵蚀力趋势系数分布在-0.34~-0.02之间,各分区近60a来降雨侵蚀力均呈现出减小趋势。本研究可为云南水土生态环境建设和土壤侵蚀模型构建提供借鉴和参考。
CHEN Zhengfa  SHI Dongmei  HE Wei  XIA Jianrong  JIN Huifang  LOU Yibao
Southwest University;Kunming Engineering Corporation Limited, POWERCHINA,Southwest University,Kunming Engineering Corporation Limited, POWERCHINA,Kunming Engineering Corporation Limited, POWERCHINA,Southwest University and Southwest University
Key Words:rainfall erosivity  spatial-temporal distribution  soil erosion  soil erosion harmfulness evaluation  Yunnan
Abstract:Due to ecological changes and human activities, the ecological environment has become extremely fragile with the soil seriously eroded. Rainfall erosivity (R) is an important parameter for forecasting soil erosion by using the USLE/RUSLE. However, there were few studies focusing on the suitability of simple R calculation models for Yunnan Province. Using the daily rainfall data from 1951 to 2010 in Kunming, a suitable calculation model of R for Yunnan Province were selected according to suitability analysis on five models which were commonly used in the southern parts of China, and the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of rainfall and rainfall erosivity were also analyzed according to rainfall data collected by 36 meteorological stations distributed evenly in Yunnan Province. Through the suitability analysis, in the five kinds of rainfall erosivity calculation models, model B was the most suitable ones for Yunnan Province because of its better stability, the largest effective coefficient (Ef) and the smallest relative deviation (Er). Yunnan Province recorded an average annual rainfall of 1106.84mm, and the average annual rainfall of seven regions changed between 745.8mm and 1533.3mm.The distribution of rainfall in different seasons was not uniform, and the rainfall was mainly concentrated in summer which accounted for 53.97% of annual rainfall. Rainfall was unevenly distributed in different regions, which showed a decreasing trend from southwest to northeast in Yunnan Province. The average annual rainfall erosivity of Yunnan Province was 2719.31MJ·mm/(hm2·h), and the average annual rainfall erosivity of seven regions ranged between 1837.23MJ·mm/(hm2·h) and 3949.12MJ·mm/(hm2·h). The seasonal distribution of rainfall erosivity was uneven. Rainfall erosivity was concentrated in summer which accounted for 67.06% of annual rainfall erosivity. There was also a significant difference in the spatial distribution of rainfall erosivity, and it also showed a decreasing trend from southwest to northeast. The trend index of rainfall erosivity varied from -0.34 to -0.02,which showed a decreasing tendency in nearly 60 years in different regions. This paper could provide some references for improving soil and water ecological environment and developing soil erosion models of Yunnan Province.

Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agriculture Machinery (CSAM), in charged of China Association for Science and Technology (CAST), sponsored by CSAM and Chinese Academy of Agricultural Mechanization Science(CAAMS), started publication in 1957. It is the earliest interdisciplinary journal in Chinese which combines agricultural and engineering. It always closely grasps the development direction of agriculture engineering disciplines and the published papers represent the highest academic level of agriculture engineering in China. Currently, nearly 8,000 papers have been already published. There are around 3,000 papers contributed to the journal each year, but only around 600 of them will be accepted. Transactions of CSAM focuses on a wide range of agricultural machinery, irrigation, electronics, robotics, agro-products engineering, biological energy, agricultural structures and environment and more. Subjects in Transactions of the CSAM have been embodied by many internationally well-known index systems, such as: EI Compendex, CA, CSA, etc.

   下载PDF阅读器