给定速度需求的移动机器人路径跟踪控制与实验
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国家自然科学基金重点项目(61520106008、61374046)


Path Tracking Control and Experiments for Wheeled Mobile Robots with Given Velocity Requirement
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    摘要:

    针对轮式移动机器人给定速度需求的非连续路径跟踪控制问题,将其转换为满足速度约束的轨迹规划和轨迹跟踪控制。首先,针对给定速度需求的路径跟踪问题,以运行时间和能量为优化目标,给定的路径和速度为约束条件,采用五次Bezier样条方法优化得到了满足需求的连续光滑轨迹。其次,利用轮式移动人系统的微分平坦特性,采用微分平坦方法设计前馈控制器;然后,将轮式移动机器人运动学模型在前馈控制的平衡点处进行一阶泰勒展开,得到了线性时变的误差模型,并通过定义新的状态变量,设计了具有Lyapunov稳定性的误差反馈控制器。结合前馈控制和反馈控制得到了二自由度轨迹跟踪控制器。同时将泰勒展开的高阶项考虑为有界的扰动输入,在输入到状态稳定性框架下证明了控制系统的鲁棒稳定性;最后,通过Pioneer 3-dx轮式移动机器人进行了实验验证,实验结果表明,提出的算法能够满足给定速度需求的非连续路径的跟踪控制需求。

    Abstract:

    For the discontinuous path tracking problem of wheeled mobile robots with given velocity requirement, it was transformed into the trajectory planning and trajectory tracking problems. Firstly, for the given position and velocity requirements, quintic Bezier curve was used to parameterize the trajectory. Then the trajectory planning problem was transformed into the nonlinear optimization problem, for which the energy and interval times were selected as the optimization objective to optimize the parameterized trajectory. By solving the nonlinear optimization problems, a continuous and smooth trajectory was generated, which satisfied the given position and velocity requirements. Secondly, by exploiting the differential flatness properties of the wheeled mobile robots system, a feedforward controller was designed by using the differential-flatness approach. Thirdly, the kinematic model of the wheeled mobile robots was linearized at its equilibrium point of the feedforward control by using the first order Taylor expansion. Then, an linear time-varying error model was deduced. By defining a new error variable, a feedback controller was designed and the stability of closed loop error system was proved in the Lyapunov framework. Therefore, a two degree of freedom trajectory tracking controller was given. This method had the advantages of simple structure and clear engineering significance. In addition, the higher order terms of the Taylor series were considered as a bounded disturbance input, and the robustness of the system was discussed in the framework of input to state stability theory. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed trajectory planning and trajectory tracking methods was validated on the Pioneer 3-dx wheeled mobile robot experiment platform. It can be seen from the experimental results that the proposed methods can track the discontinuous path with the given velocity requirement precisely.

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顾万里,胡云峰,宫洵,蔡硕,陈虹.给定速度需求的移动机器人路径跟踪控制与实验[J].农业机械学报,2017,48(10):25-31,75.

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  • 收稿日期:2017-05-18
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  • 在线发布日期: 2017-10-10
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