张展羽,范世敏,王策,刘阳,齐伟.干缩开裂黄褐土非饱和水平吸渗特征研究[J].农业机械学报,2017,48(7):214-221.
ZHANG Zhanyu,FAN Shimin,WANG Ce,LIU Yang,QI Wei.Characteristics of Unsaturated Horizontal Infiltration in Desiccation Cracks Yellow Cinnamon Soil[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2017,48(7):214-221.
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干缩开裂黄褐土非饱和水平吸渗特征研究   [下载全文]
Characteristics of Unsaturated Horizontal Infiltration in Desiccation Cracks Yellow Cinnamon Soil   [Download Pdf][in English]
投稿时间:2017-04-16  
DOI:10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2017.07.027
中文关键词:  干缩裂缝  秸秆添加  水平吸渗  入渗率  湿润锋
基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目(51579069、51179050)、高等学校学科创新引智计划(111计划)项目(B12032)、江西省水利科技项目(KT201507)和江苏高校优势学科建设工程项目(YS11001)
作者单位
张展羽 河海大学 
范世敏 河海大学 
王策 河海大学 
刘阳 河海大学 
齐伟 河海大学 
中文摘要:通过室内水平吸渗试验,结合Matlab数字图像处理与形态学算法,在黄褐土土壤中添加秸秆模拟不同生长期作物根系密度,对干缩开裂黄褐土中的非饱和水平吸渗及湿润锋推移特征进行研究。结果表明:不同秸秆密度处理裂缝稳定形态面积密度和裂缝平均宽度差异显著(p<0.05),当秸秆密度由0cm/cm3增加到1.5cm/cm3时裂缝面积密度和裂缝平均宽度分别减小为1.73%、0.071cm,随着秸秆密度增大土壤稳定形态裂缝面积密度与裂缝平均宽度显著减小。秸秆添加间接影响入渗过程历时,但土壤最终累积入渗量无显著差异。裂缝的存在导致入渗率发生波动现象,且在入渗前中期尤为明显;未开裂土和开裂土累积入渗量随时间的变化关系均符合Kostiakov经验入渗模型,其经验参数与秸秆密度有关,拟合方程达到显著水平。引入湿润锋均匀系数对水平吸渗不均匀性进行评价,土壤裂缝面积密度及裂缝平均宽度越大入渗初期的水分不均匀性特征越明显,均匀系数随着时间推移逐渐减小;根据湿润锋推进速率随时间的变化特征,开裂黄褐土土壤的水平吸渗过程可以分为3个阶段,即初始裂隙流阶段、稳渗基质流阶段和吸渗末期阶段。
ZHANG Zhanyu  FAN Shimin  WANG Ce  LIU Yang  QI Wei
Hohai University,Hohai University,Hohai University,Hohai University and Hohai University
Key Words:soil cracks  straw incorporation  horizontal infiltration  infiltration rate  wetting front
Abstract:An indoor experiment was conducted to investigate the characteristics of the unsaturated horizontal infiltration and wetting front advance in cracked yellow cinnamon soil, by incorporating different densities of straws to simulate the different growth stages of crop root, combined with digital image processing and Matlab morphology algorithm. The results showed that the stable forms of soil crack were significantly different in treatments of different straw incorporations(p<0.05). A downward trend in crack area ratio and crack width (respectively decreased to 1.73% and 0.071cm) was observed with the increasing straw incorporation from 0cm/cm3 to 1.5cm/cm3. Fracture area density and the average crack width of soil stable forms were significantly decreased with straw density increased. The discharge time of horizontal infiltration was affected by the degree of soil cracking. Cumulative infiltration into uncracked soil and cracking soil changed with time was in line with the empirical model proposed by Kostiakov, the parameters of which were closely related to straw densities. The changes of fitting equation reached significant level. The uniformity coefficient of the wetting front was introduced to evaluate the non-uniformity of the horizontal absorption. The initial non uniformity was more obvious with the increase of soil crack area density and average crack width. The uniformity coefficient was decreased with time. The greater the crack area and the average crack width of soil were, the more obvious the characteristics of non uniformity in initial stage of infiltration became. According to the changing characteristics of the wetting front forward speed changed with time, the horizontal infiltration process in cracked soils can be divided into three stages: the initial stage of crack flow, the stage of steady matrix flow and the late stage of horizontal infiltration.

Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agriculture Machinery (CSAM), in charged of China Association for Science and Technology (CAST), sponsored by CSAM and Chinese Academy of Agricultural Mechanization Science(CAAMS), started publication in 1957. It is the earliest interdisciplinary journal in Chinese which combines agricultural and engineering. It always closely grasps the development direction of agriculture engineering disciplines and the published papers represent the highest academic level of agriculture engineering in China. Currently, nearly 8,000 papers have been already published. There are around 3,000 papers contributed to the journal each year, but only around 600 of them will be accepted. Transactions of CSAM focuses on a wide range of agricultural machinery, irrigation, electronics, robotics, agro-products engineering, biological energy, agricultural structures and environment and more. Subjects in Transactions of the CSAM have been embodied by many internationally well-known index systems, such as: EI Compendex, CA, CSA, etc.

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