气吸滚筒式玉米排种器充种性能仿真与试验优化
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“十二五”国家科技支撑计划项目(2014BAD06B04-03)


Simulation and Experimental Optimization on Filling Seeds Performance of Seed Metering Device with Roller of Air-suction
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    摘要:

    为了提高气吸滚筒式排种器充种性能,采用离散元分析的方法,对种层高度、振动频率、振动角度分别进行数值模拟,结果表明:在相同条件下提升种层高度,可以增长充种区弧长,增加充种时间,降低排种器的漏充率;振动频率增加,种子平均法向应力方差增大,即对种子的扰动性增强;合适的振动角度可以有效提高供种高度。减小内摩擦、增强种群扰动性、提高供种高度均可有效提高排种器充种性能。为寻找最佳参数组合,以郑单958玉米种子为播种对象,采用二次旋转正交组合试验方法,对排种器进行了排种性能试验,建立了种层高度、振动频率、振动角度3个主要因素与合格率、漏播率、重播率的数学模型,分析了各个因素及交互作用对合格率的影响规律,并进行了参数优化与验证试验。当最佳参数组合为振动角度45°,振动频率116~122Hz,种层高度96~117mm时,合格率大于90%,漏播率小于5%,重播率小于5%。经试验验证,试验结果与分析结果基本一致。试验结果表明该气吸滚筒式精密排种器对于玉米种子具有很好的播种适应性。

    Abstract:

    In order to improve the filling performance of seed metering device with roller of air-suction, the numerical simulation on the height of seeds layer, the vibration frequency and the angle of vibration were carried out with method of discrete element analysis. The results showed that the arc length in the area of filling seeds and the time of filling seeds can be increased through increasing the height of seeds layer. The leakage rate can also be reduced under the same conditions; the mean value of normal stress was increased with the increase of vibration frequency, which meant that the disturbance to the seeds can be enhanced; the proper vibration angle can increase the height of filling seeds effectively. The filling performance of the seeds metering device can be improved effectively by reducing the internal friction force, enhancing the disturbance of the populations and increasing the height of filling seeds. Maize seeds (Zhengdan 958) were taken as research materials in order to determine the optimal combination of parameters. The seeding performance of metering device was studied through the quadratic rotation-orthogonal combination experiment. The height of seeds layer, the vibration frequency and the vibration angle were taken as main factors. The qualified rate, leak seeding rate and the re-seeding rate were taken as indexes. The mathematical model between three factors and the indexes was built. The effect of each factor on the qualified rate was analyzed and optimized parameters were tested. The effect of factors on the qualified seeding rate in primary sequence was the negative pressure, forward speed and angle of seeds suction. The optimal parameters were obtained. The qualified rate was above 90%, the leak seeding rate was lower than 5% and the re-seeding rate was also lower than 5%, when the vibration angle was 45°, the vibration frequency was 116~122Hz and the height of seeds layer was 96~117mm. The results of the verified experiment were consistent with optimal results. Conclusions can be drawn that the seed metering device with roller of air-suction had good adaptability to maize seeds. References for the design of the maize seeds metering device with roller of air-suction can be provided.

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张昆,衣淑娟.气吸滚筒式玉米排种器充种性能仿真与试验优化[J].农业机械学报,2017,48(7):78-86.

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  • 收稿日期:2017-01-20
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  • 在线发布日期: 2017-07-10
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