庞桂斌,徐征和,杨士红,徐俊增.控制灌溉水稻叶片水分利用效率影响因素分析[J].农业机械学报,2017,48(4):233-241.
PANG Guibin,XU Zhenghe,YANG Shihong,XU Junzeng.Influence Factors Analysis of Rice Leaf Water Use Efficiency under Controlled Irrigation[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2017,48(4):233-241.
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控制灌溉水稻叶片水分利用效率影响因素分析   [下载全文]
Influence Factors Analysis of Rice Leaf Water Use Efficiency under Controlled Irrigation   [Download Pdf][in English]
投稿时间:2016-11-29  
DOI:10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2017.04.030
中文关键词:  水稻  控制灌溉  叶片水分利用效率  影响因素  通径分析
基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目(51179049、51509105)和山东省自然科学基金项目(ZR2014EEQ020)
作者单位
庞桂斌 济南大学 
徐征和 济南大学 
杨士红 河海大学 
徐俊增 河海大学 
中文摘要:为了揭示节水灌溉水稻叶片水分利用效率的影响因素及水分高效利用机制,设置控制灌溉(控灌)和淹水灌溉(淹灌)2种灌溉方式开展田间试验,研究节水灌溉水稻叶片水分利用效率与气孔调节以及相关环境因素的关系,建立叶片水分利用效率的回归方程,并对影响因素进行通径分析。结果表明,水稻叶片蒸腾速率(Tr)、光合速率(Pn)和叶片水分利用效率(LWUE)与气孔导度(Gs)呈良好的二次曲线关系,控灌水稻通过较低的气孔开度便可获得较优的叶片水分利用效率。叶片水分利用效率(LWUE)与空气温度(Ta)、叶片温度(Tl)、叶气温差(ΔT)、空气CO2浓度(Ca)和光合有效辐射量(Par)等环境因素呈二次曲线关系,与胞间CO2浓度(Ci)呈负相关关系,与土壤含水率(θ)呈正相关关系,与相对湿度(Rh)呈指数关系。由Ta、Tl、ΔT组成的“温度因子”对水稻叶片水分利用效率的贡献率达39.19%,而由Ca和Ci组成的“CO2浓度因子”的贡献率为22.94%,由Rh和θ组成的“水分因子”的贡献率为17.81%,由Par组成的“光照因子”贡献率为9.01%。在此基础上,建立了叶片水分利用效率回归方程,并对各影响因素进行通径分析,对于控制灌溉稻田来说,影响叶片水分利用效率的主要因素不是光合有效辐射量、气孔导度和土壤含水率等,而是胞间CO2浓度、叶片温度和相对湿度等因素。
PANG Guibin  XU Zhenghe  YANG Shihong  XU Junzeng
University of Ji’nan,University of Ji’nan,Hohai University and Hohai University
Key Words:rice  controlled irrigation  leaf water use efficiency  influence factors  path analysis
Abstract:In order to investigate the impact factors and mechanism of high water use efficiency under water-saving irrigation technology, experiment with two irrigation treatments was carried out in rice field, including flooding irrigation (FI) and non flooding controlled irrigation (NFI). In the FI rice fields, a depth of 3~5cm standing water was always maintained after transplantation, except during the drainage period in later tillering and yellow maturity stages. In the NFI rice fields, the pond water was kept between 5mm and 25mm during the first 7~8d after transplantation at the regreening stage. At other stages, irrigation was applied only to keep the soil moist and flooding was avoided;standing water up to 5cm depth in NFI fields was maintained for less than 5d just to meet the requirements for the pesticide or fertilizer application. The relationships between stomatal regulation, environmental factors and leaf water use efficiency were studied, meanwhile, the regression equations of leaf water use efficiency were established, and the path analysis method was applied to analyze the impact factors. The results showed that there was a quadratic regression equation between stomatal conductance (Gs) and transpiration rate (Tr), photosynthetic rate (Pn), leaf water use efficiency (LWUE) under NFI treatment, to maintain high LWUE, optimal stomatal conductance was 0.54mol/(m2·s), and the peak value was appeared earlier than that of FI treatment. There was also a quadratic regression equation between LWUE and environmental factors, including air temperature (Ta), leaf temperature (Tl), leaf-air temperature difference (ΔT) , air CO2 concentration (Ca) and photosynthesis available radiation (Par). While LWUE was negatively related to intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) and positively correlated with soil moisture (θ), the relationship between LWUE and relative humidity (Rh) was exponential. The temperature factors composed of Ta, Tl and ΔT contributed 39.19% to LWUE,while the CO2 concentration factors composed of Ca and Ci contributed 17.81%, the vapor factor composed of Rh and θ contributed 17.81%, and the light factor composed of Par contributed 9.01%. Furthermore, the regression equation of LWUE was established, and the path analysis method was applied to analyze the impact factors, as for the NFI treatment, it was found that Par, Gs and θ may not be the main influence factors, the sensitive indicators affecting the LWUE were Ci, Tl and Rh.

Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agriculture Machinery (CSAM), in charged of China Association for Science and Technology (CAST), sponsored by CSAM and Chinese Academy of Agricultural Mechanization Science(CAAMS), started publication in 1957. It is the earliest interdisciplinary journal in Chinese which combines agricultural and engineering. It always closely grasps the development direction of agriculture engineering disciplines and the published papers represent the highest academic level of agriculture engineering in China. Currently, nearly 8,000 papers have been already published. There are around 3,000 papers contributed to the journal each year, but only around 600 of them will be accepted. Transactions of CSAM focuses on a wide range of agricultural machinery, irrigation, electronics, robotics, agro-products engineering, biological energy, agricultural structures and environment and more. Subjects in Transactions of the CSAM have been embodied by many internationally well-known index systems, such as: EI Compendex, CA, CSA, etc.

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