潜在蒸散量对SWAT模型寒区典型流域径流模拟的影响
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国家自然科学基金项目(51009026)、黑龙江省教育厅科学技术研究项目(12531024)、农业部农业水资源高效利用重点实验室开放课题项目(2015002)和东北农业大学农业水土工程创新团队项目


Influence of Potential Evapotranspiration on Runoff Simulation using SWAT Model in Alpine Typical Watershed Region
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    摘要:

    以目前广泛应用的SWAT模型为例,利用对比研究方法,以欧根河流域作为典型研究区域,采用Penman-Monteith模型、Priestley-Taylor模型、Hargreaves模型、Shuttleworth-Wallace模型及修正的20cm蒸发皿观测数据计算潜在蒸散量(PET)。研究不同PET驱动的SWAT模型对模拟结果的影响,研究结果表明:SWAT模型以子流域为尺度对PET计算结果进行插值的方式较粗略,不能较好反映PET的空间分布情况,在大面积森林覆盖的不同子流域,月平均PET值随不同子流域内森林物种的种类和分布不同数值变化较小,并非在考虑地形影响下SWAT模型模拟的日径流量结果均好,在未考虑地形影响下Penman-Monteith模型与考虑地形影响下的Hargreaves模型、Shuttleworth-Wallace模型模拟结果较好,其中Penman-Monteith模型拟合的效果最好,率定期与验证期的Ens值分别为0.651、0.686,说明Penman-Monteith模型更适合用于高寒森林地区的潜在蒸散量计算。

    Abstract:

    In order to study the influence of potential evapotranspiration on daily flow simulation results for hydrological models in the northeast alpine region, the widely applied SWAT model was chosen as an example, through comparative study on Ougen River Basin, using Penman-Monteith model, Priestley-Taylor model, Hargreaves model, Shuttleworth-Wallace model and modified 20cm evaporating dish observed data to compute the potential evapotranspiration (PET), then the influence of SWAT models on the simulation results was studied by different PET drivers. Research results showed that adopting subbasin scale for SWAT model to PET interpolation was quiet rough, and the calculated results cannot reflect the spatial distribution of PET specifically, the average temperature of alpine forest areas was less than 17.8℃ from January to February and also in December every year, including March sometimes. In different subbasins covered by large forest, the change of monthly average PET was little with the variation of forest species types and distribution areas, although differences of terrain on SWAT model were considered, it didnot show a high daily flow precision. Penman-Monteith model without consideration of terrain pattern, and Hargreaves model and Shuttleworth-Wallace model considered terrain pattern had good simulation results, while Penman-Monteith model fitted the best with Ens values of 0.651 and 0.686 in calibration and validation periods, respectively, which showed that the Penman-Monteith model suited better in alpine forest areas to calculate the potential evapotranspiration.

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徐淑琴,丁星臣,王斌,彭莉.潜在蒸散量对SWAT模型寒区典型流域径流模拟的影响[J].农业机械学报,2017,48(3):261-269.

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  • 收稿日期:2016-07-06
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  • 在线发布日期: 2017-03-10
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