玉米摘穗机构低断茎拉茎刀辊设计与试验
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国家自然科学基金项目(51405495)、国家现代玉米产业技术体系建设项目(CARS-02)和农业部土壤-机器-植物系统技术重点实验室项目


Design and Experiment of Low Trash Snapping Knife Rolls for Corn
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    摘要:

    拉茎辊与摘穗板组合式摘穗机构收获时效率高、损失小,但是容易引起茎秆折断导致收获含杂率升高,针对此问题,分析了含杂产生的原因,对拉茎刀辊式结构进行了改进,在刀辊之间添加一个L型凸棱辅助下拉茎秆,保证工作过程中对茎秆的连续竖直下拉。通过理论分析计算和计算机模拟的方法,确定了改进后结构的基本参数并进行了试制加工。选取3种不同型式的摘穗机构(4刀片式拉茎辊和固定式摘穗板、4刀片式拉茎辊和间隙可调式摘穗板及新型低断茎拉茎刀辊和间隙可调式摘穗板)为试验因素进行了台架试验。试验结果表明,不同型式的摘穗机构对收获含杂率的影响不显著,但是不同型式拉茎刀辊对收获含杂率影响显著;结合间隙可调式摘穗板和低断茎拉茎刀辊,收获含杂率相比传统机构能够降低1.85个百分点;其中间隙可调式摘穗板和低断茎拉茎刀辊对含杂率降低的贡献分别为67.0%和33.0%;采用低断茎拉茎刀辊和间隙可调式摘穗板摘穗机构收获含杂率最小,仅为1.45%,满足国标规定要求。

    Abstract:

    Snapping mechanism with four knife rolls and stripper plates has the advantages of smaller kernel damage, faster capacities and higher ground speeds compared with spialribbed snapping rolls, but knife rolls are more aggressive, which can lead to more stalk breakage and more trash in the load. In order to solve this problem, a new type of fluted rolls was designed through the analysis of causes of stalk breakage. Four additional rolls of L shape were installed between each knife roll, which provided a straight pulldown of stalks. Theoretical analysis and computer simulation were made to determine structure parameters, and then an experimental prototype was made to test its performance. The experiment was carried out in existed snapping apparatus test bench, and three snapping mechanisms were chosen to do this comparison, which were traditional four blades snapping rolls and fixed snapping plate, four blade pull stalk rolls and clearance adjustable snapping plate and the new snapping rolls and clearance adjustable snapping plate. The ratio of trash in load was measured. Experiments results were analyzed by carrying out variance and significance analysis of effects assessed. Different snapping mechanisms had no significant effects on ratio of trash in load with confidence of 0.95,but different snapping knife rolls had significant effects on ratio of trash in load. The ratio of trash in load was reduced from 3.3% to 1.45% with combination of clearance adjustable snapping plate and new snapping knife rolls compared with traditional four blade snapping rolls and fixed snapping plate, wherein the contribution ratio of adjustable snapping plate and new blade rolls were 67.0% and 33.0%, respectively. The ratio of trash in load was the least with new snapping knife rolls and clearance adjustable snapping plate, which was 1.45%, and it met the requirement of national standard regulations and achieved the design purpose.

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崔涛,李克鸿,屈哲,韩丹丹,杨丽,张东兴.玉米摘穗机构低断茎拉茎刀辊设计与试验[J].农业机械学报,2016,47(s1):222-226.

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  • 收稿日期:2016-07-20
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  • 在线发布日期: 2016-10-15
  • 出版日期: 2016-10-15