在线实时混药喷雾系统设计与试验
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国家重点研发计划重点专项(2016YFD0200704)、广东省省级科技计划项目(2015B020206002)和中国科协青年人才托举工程项目(2015)


Design and Experiment of Online Mixing Spraying System
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    摘要:

    在线混药喷施技术具有喷施效率高、用药精准、环境污染小等特点。针对在线混药系统混药比范围小和农药小流量检测难等问题,设计了一种在线实时混药喷雾系统,作业过程中直接将混药注入喷雾泵的入口端实现混药的在线喷雾。设计了一种螺旋蜂孔板式混药器,蜂孔板有左旋和右旋两种,且交替安装。设计了一种碟形混药箱,由混药器流出的水药混合液在混药箱中进一步混合。系统使用精量柱塞泵供药,将药液直接注入喷雾系统;采用基于STM32嵌入式控制器实时检测到的水箱和混药箱的液位信息,通过电磁开关阀控制水的流量;水和药在螺旋蜂孔板式混药器中混合,切向流入碟形混药箱,最终由喷雾泵抽取进行喷施。为实现精准控制,对水箱出口的流量计和底部的压力计进行标定,得到水箱水位和压力计输出电压的关系模型及压力传感器输出电压和流量计之间的变化关系,并对水流量的控制精度进行了试验;对精量柱塞泵的转速与控制信号的脉冲频率以及转速和流量进行了标定,得到了转速与控制信号脉冲频率的变化关系,并对精量柱塞泵的供药精度进行了试验。在精量柱塞泵的工作流量范围内,采用同时对水和药分别进行测量的方法对混药比进行了试验,得到了混药比误差变化曲线。采用毒死蜱作为试验药液,对在线混药系统进行了混药试验,采用岛津液相色谱仪对采样点进行了浓度检测,得到各采样点实际浓度值,并与人工充分混药效果进行了对比。试验表明:混药比为150∶1~1000∶1时,混药比误差最大为6.75%;水流量平均误差为1.35%,最大误差为7.15%;农药流量平均误差为2%,最大误差为3%;在毒死蜱混药试验中,药水混合液浓度平均误差为11.7%。

    Abstract:

    The widelyused online mixing system has a small range of mixture ratio and a detection problem at small flow ratio of pesticide. This paper developed an onlinemixing system, which mixed pesticide into carrier directly. A spiral porous mixer, which included lefthand type and righthand type of the spiral plates, was designed and assembled alternatively. A diskshaped mixer was proposed to promote the uniformity of the concentration from the spiral porous mixer. This system consisted of a precise plunger pump to deliver the pesticide, an embedded controller based on STM32 to detect the water level in the tank, a diskshaped mixer, and an electromagnetic switch valve to provide a certain outflow of water. The water and pesticide were mixed in the spiral porous mixer, then flowed into the discshaped mixer, and sprayed on the crops by the spray pump. The pressure sensor was calibrated with the water level in the water tank, the flowmeter was calibrated with the pressure sensor, and used to test the error. The pulse frequency driving the plunger pump was calibrated with the rotate speed, and used to test the outflow error of pesticide. In the range of the work flow, the flow of the water and the flow of the pesticide were measured at the same time. Using chlorpyrifos as the target pesticide, the sampling points of the mixture concentration were measured by a liquid mass spectra. The actual density of the sampling points was obtained, and a comparison experiment with the artificial full mixing of the pesticide and the water was carried out. The experiment results showed that working at the mixture ratio of 150∶1 ~ 1000∶1, the average flow error of water was 1.35%, the maximum error was 7.15%; the average flow error of pesticide was 2%; the maximum error was 3%; the maximum error of the mixture ratio was 6.75%. After a test of mixing using chlorpyrifos, the average error of the mixture concentrations was 11.7%.

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袁琦堡,胡炼,罗锡文,张盟,周浩,赵润茂.在线实时混药喷雾系统设计与试验[J].农业机械学报,2016,47(s1):176-181.

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  • 收稿日期:2016-07-20
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  • 在线发布日期: 2016-10-15
  • 出版日期: 2016-10-15