Cheese is the dietetic mainbody in developed countries, as well as the research hotspot of dairy science. Cheese owns extremely high nutritional and biological values and becomes one of the largest trade of dairy products over the world. As the adjustment of diet structure and deepening understanding of cheese nutritional value, China’s per capita cheese consumption has largely increased, but it was still far behind the average level of the world. There is a large market space for cheese development in China, meanwhile, the nutritive values of cheese are still needed to be strengthened. The cheese nutritional components, active ingredients such as the protein and functional peptides, conjugated linoleic acid, calcium and vitamin D are introduced. In addition, the research progress of cheese nutritional component on the heath of human is discussed, such as the protective effect for dental caries, weight reduction or anti-obese effects, anti-hypertensive property, anti-atherosclerosis, beneficial effect on bone health, anti-carcinogenic effects, antioxidation, and so on. In addition, the research direction of the development of cheese nutrition is put forward, such as the improvement of sensory quality and nutritional function of low fat cheese, development of probiotics cheese, mechanism of the anti-carcinogenic effect of cheese, as well as the effect of cheese on the cardiovascular system. In conclusion, the nutritional value of cheese is reviewed, on this basis, it can provide a reference for cheese industry development in China.