The moisture—temperature variation and spatial migration of seasonal freezing and thawing soil is a complex dynamic system, as an important part of energy circulation in nature, the soil moisture and heat system of freezing and thawing soil plays an extremely important role in water resources, environment, energy and human engineering, etc. Research on moisture and temperature diffuse mechanism details of freezing and thawing soil and getting hold of soil moisture and heat transfer condition accurately can make a profound influence on producing scientific and reasonable spring sowing system. In order to utilize resources of frozen soil efficiently, promote agricultural economy and improve ecological environment, on the basis of summarizing the research achievements in China, the physical process of soil freezing and thawing, the water infiltration in frozen region, heat transfer and the transformation of soil solute were expatiated, the summary of response mechanism of water and heat distribution of freezing and thawing soil to the change of surface environment and difference of climatic factors was given, and the characteristic parameters of freezing and thawing soil，dynamic simulation of coupled water and heat and forecasting model on mechanism were discussed. Meanwhile, the research ideas on combination structure of multi-scale, oil-cover union inversion, parallel operation of statistical and stochastic mode were proposed to provide references for moisture and temperature circulation of seasonal frozen, studying on balance of water and heat, and guiding the agricultural production scientifically and reasonably in cold and arid regions.